Problems Due To the Progress of Miniaturization
When you show your completed circuit diagram to your professor, he gives you a hard time: “what about the effects of variability?” and “have you considered NBTI?” What in the world are those? As our CMOS process technology scales, the transistor performan
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Essential Knowledge for TransistorLevel LSI Circuit Design Translated by Yuta Toriyama
Essential Knowledge for Transistor-Level LSI Circuit Design
Toru Nakura
Essential Knowledge for Transistor-Level LSI Circuit Design
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Toru Nakura The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan Translated by Yuta Toriyama
Original Japanese language edition published by University of Tokyo Press. LSI Sekkei Joshiki Koza ©2011, University of Tokyo Press All Rights reserved. ISBN 978-981-10-0423-0 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0424-7
ISBN 978-981-10-0424-7 (eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932877 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.
Preface
You have learned about the transistor in the classroom. You also know the operating principles of an op amp. You might have even read Razavi’s textbook and mastered the basics of analog circuits. However, you might still be at a loss when you are told, “OK, now design an op amp.” To design an LSI that actually functions and to be able to properly measure it, an extremely large amount of miscellaneous, detailed knowledge is necessary. This knowledge is transferred from seniors to juniors by word of mouth within university laboratories and development groups in companies. The handing down of technology from seniors to juniors through repeated failures is a beautiful tradition, but sadly the times do not allow engineers to be at such leisure. This text is a collection of the miscellaneous knowledge essential for circuit designers, which has not been in textbooks before, summarized as the issues that need to be considered in each design step. The first half of this text explains important design issues such as the operating principles of CAD tools. CAD tools are used to conduct LSI circuit design, and it is necessary to accurately refl
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