Production of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Fertile Transgenic Plants using Androgenesis and Genetic Transformation Methods in
The in vitro production of doubled haploid plants through androgenesis (anther and microspore culture) is an efficient system for the production of fully homozygous plants rapidly. To date, anther and microspore cultures are commonly used to accelerate br
- PDF / 1,177,557 Bytes
- 17 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 106 Downloads / 217 Views
Production of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Fertile Transgenic Plants using Androgenesis and Genetic Transformation Methods in Cereal Crops S. M. Shahinul Islam and Narendra Tuteja
1 Introduction Various abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, and soil salinity are some of the major environmental stress factors that adversely affect plant growth and productivity. Of these, high salinity and drought are the major causes affecting the crop yield in the world and increasing salinity stress is the main reason for reduced agricultural production in the available crop lands (Tuteja 2007; Amudha and Balasubramani 2011). Therefore, it is very important to understand the effects on abiotic stress response mechanisms and networks in plants. To minimize the crop losses, modern biotechnology can be used to generate genetically-engineered plants with new and improved characteristics. Genetic engineering is an attractive tool because of its potential to improve abiotic stress (cold, drought, salt, heat, starvation, etc.,) tolerance plant varieties more rapidly (Kasuga et al. 1999). The use of genetic engineering technology could lead to simpler and more effective gene-based approaches for improving crop tolerance. Thus, the application of biotechnology in combination with conventional breeding methods may help to increase food production properly. An endeavour to genetically improve the abiotic stress-tolerant crop plants, with respect to disease resistance, drought, heat and salinity tolerance with high yielding cultivars, may be helpful in boosting the major cereal crop production in developing countries. Breeders have often developed cultivars with superior adaptation to their environmental without the detailed knowledge of the underlying physiological mechanisms (Kuchel et al. 2006). Gene transfer technologies offer
S. M. S. Islam () Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi–6205, Bangladesh e-mail: [email protected] N. Tuteja Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India e-mail: [email protected] N. Tuteja, S. S. Gill (eds.), Crop Improvement Under Adverse Conditions, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4633-0_9, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
213
214
S. M. S. Islam and N. Tuteja
a suitable alternative for improving desirable gene(s) in a directed manner without the insertion of undesirable DNA fragments. The establishment of stable and regenerative tissue culture and transformation systems is a prerequisite for barley and other cereal crops. Different explants, immature embryos (Breiman, 1985), mature embryos (Lupotto 1984), apical meristems (Cheng and Smith 1975), anthers (Kao and Horn 1982), microspores (Köhler and Wenzel 1985), cell suspensions (Kott and Kasha 1984) and protoplasts (Lazzeri and Lörz 1990) have been used for this purpose. In practical breeding, to develop homozygous transgenic plants with a stable transgene is very interesting and important (Vyroubalová et al.
Data Loading...
