Reduction of Cd accumulation in Se-biofortified rice by using fermented manure and fly ash
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Reduction of Cd accumulation in Se-biofortified rice by using fermented manure and fly ash Aiguo Yin 1 & Chuang Shen 2 & Yingying Huang 2 & Maofeng Yue 1 & Baifei Huang 2 & Junliang Xin 2 Received: 18 January 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Large areas of soils in China are contaminated with Cd and are deficient in Se. Therefore, here, we aimed to reduce Cd accumulation while increasing Se content in rice grain, and to elucidate the mechanisms associated. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to determine grain concentrations of Se and Cd upon foliar spraying of Se combined with the application of horse manure and/or fly ash to different contaminated soils containing Cd 0.51 (T1), 1.46 (T2), and 4.59 mg Cd kg−1 (T3). The amount of Fe, Si, and Cd in root iron plaque, and concentrations of Cd and Si in rice tissues were also determined. Foliar spray of Se increased Se concentration in brown rice from approximately 0.04 to 0.15 mg kg−1. Fly ash significantly reduced Cd concentration in brown rice from 0.07 to 0.05, 0.15 to 0.09, and 1.00 to 0.55 mg kg−1 at the T1, T2, and T3 treatment levels, respectively, and soil Cd bioavailability (by at least 33.3%), while it increased Si content in rice roots and shoots by at least 34%. The increase of Si concentration in rice tissues inhibited Cd translocation to brown rice by at least 17%. Horse manure increased the formation of root Fe plaque by approximately 2.3-fold, which resulted in the significant reduction of Cd accumulation in brown rice, shoots, and roots by 36–56%. Thus, foliar spray of Se in combination with the application of fly ash and horse manure proved an effective method to produce Cd-low and Se-rich rice. Keywords Cadmium . Horse manure . Iron plaque . Silicon . Bioavailability
Introduction Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous contaminant in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that threatens human health, especially rice grown in Cd-rich soils (Yu et al. 2006). Furthermore, rice is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, whereby, its yield and quality are closely related to national food security Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10031-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Baifei Huang [email protected] * Junliang Xin [email protected] 1
School of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
2
Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
(Huang et al. 2017). Recently, large areas of paddy fields have been contaminated by Cd in many countries mainly due to irrigation with wastewater, electroplating, mining, and smelting (Gu et al. 2011; Hu et al. 2016). Several technologies, including selection of low Cd cultivars (Yu et al. 2006), vermicompost (Sebastian and
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