Production of phytoestrogen S -equol from daidzein in mixed culture of two anaerobic bacteria
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O RI G I NAL PAPE R
Production of phytoestrogen S-equol from daidzein in mixed culture of two anaerobic bacteria Xiu-Ling Wang · Ho-Jin Kim · Su-Il Kang · Su-Il Kim · Hor-Gil Hur
Received: 30 May 2006 / Revised: 8 September 2006 / Accepted: 28 September 2006 / Published online: 16 November 2006 © Springer-Verlag 2006
Abstract An anaerobic incubation mixture of two bacterial strains Eggerthella sp. Julong 732 and Lactobacillus sp. Niu-O16, which have been known to transform dihydrodaidzein to S-equol and daidzein to dihydrodaidzein respectively, produced S-equol from daidzein through dihydrodaidzein. The biotransformation kinetics of daidzein by the mixed cultures showed that the production of S-equol from daidzein was signiWcantly enhanced, as compared to the production of S-equol from dihydrodaidzein by Eggerthella sp. Julong 732 alone. The substrate daidzein in the mixed culture was almost completely converted to S-equol in 24 h of anaerobic incubation. The increased production of S-equol from daidzein by the mixed culture is likely related to the increased bacterial numbers of Eggerthella
sp. Julong 732. In the mixture cultures, the growth of Eggerthella sp. Julong 732 was signiWcantly increased while the growth of Lactobacillus sp. Niu-O16 was suppressed as compared to either the single culture of Eggerthella sp. Julong 732 or Lactobacillus sp. NiuO16. This is the Wrst report in which two metabolic pathways to produce S-equol from daidzein by a mixed culture of bacteria isolated from human and bovine intestinal environments were successfully linked under anaerobic conditions. Keywords IsoXavone · Daidzein · S-equol · Intestinal · Anaerobic bacteria
Introduction
X.-L. Wang · H.-J. Kim · S.-I. Kim (&) School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea e-mail: [email protected] X.-L. Wang College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China S.-I. Kang · H.-G. Hur International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea H.-G. Hur (&) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea e-mail: [email protected]
The dietary phytoestrogenic isoXavones daidzein and genistein are known to possess diverse physiological activities including anticarcinogenic (Adlercreutz et al. 1992; Hirano et al. 1994), antimutagenic (Hartman and Shankel 1990), and antioxidant (Jha et al. 1985) activities, as well as antiproliferative eVects against tumor cells (Hirano et al. 1989). After ingestion of dietary isoXavones, they are subjected to biotransformation by gut microbiota to diverse metabolites including dihydrodaidzein, tetrahydrodaidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin, which have been detected in human urine (Joannou et al. 1995; Lampe et al. 1998; Coldham et al. 1999; Rowland et al. 1999; Hur et al. 2000; Bowey et al. 2003; Heinonen et al. 2003; Zheng et al. 2003; Simons et al. 2005). In addition, isoXavone metabolit
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