Progesterone improves the number and quality of hormone induced Fowler toad ( Bufo fowleri ) oocytes
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BioMed Central
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Progesterone improves the number and quality of hormone induced Fowler toad (Bufo fowleri) oocytes Robert K Browne*1,2, Hong Li1,3, Jessica Seratt1 and Andrew Kouba1,2 Address: 1Memphis Zoo, 2000 Prentiss Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA, 2Department of Biology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA and 3Shanghai Zoo, Shanghai, 200335, Peoples Republic of China Email: Robert K Browne* - [email protected]; Hong Li - [email protected]; Jessica Seratt - [email protected]; Andrew Kouba - [email protected] * Corresponding author
Published: 01 February 2006 Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2006, 4:3
doi:10.1186/1477-7827-4-3
Received: 30 November 2005 Accepted: 01 February 2006
This article is available from: http://www.rbej.com/content/4/1/3 © 2006 Browne et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Combinations of progesterone, lutenizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and the dopamine-2 (DA2) receptor antagonist 1-[1-[4,4-bis(4Fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-piperidinyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (Pimozide; Orap) were tested for improvement of spawning rates, oocyte numbers, fertilization and neurulation rates of the Fowler toad (Bufo fowleri). Only treatments combined with progesterone produced large numbers of oocytes. The best treatment on oocyte numbers, neurulation rates, and the number of neurulas was with 5 mg progesterone, 20 mic.g LHRHa, and 0.25 mg Pimozide. Progesterone (5 mg) with 60 mic.g LHRHa gave high spawning rates, oocyte numbers, and fertilization rates but neurulation rates were low. Progesterone alone in high repeated doses did not result in ovulation. High doses of LHRHa (60 mic.g) with hCG, progesterone, and Pimozide gave the greatest number of toads spawning, however, they resulted in low oocyte numbers, fertilization and neurulation rates. A low dose of LHRHa (4 mic.g) with hCG, or hCG alone as a second administration, and progesterone with Pimozide produced few good quality oocytes. Toads were given normal ovulatory doses of hormones 24 or 48 hrs after their initial dose, but these resulted in low oocyte numbers followed by poor fertilization. Overall, these results suggest that progesterone with a dose between 20 mic.g and 60 mic.g of LHRHa may be optimal for the induction of ovulation in these toads. Moreover, Pimozide can supplement low doses of LHRHa but not replace it.
Background Captive breeding and genetic resource banking [1,2] are necessary to maintain the viability of the approximately 32% of the worlds amphibian species that are endangered or threatened [3]. The efficient use of captive breeding and genetic resource banks requires the reliable production of oocytes, usually through hormonal ind
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