Progress in Spatial Analysis Methods and Applications

Space is increasingly recognized as a legitimate factor that influences many processes and conceptual frameworks, including notions of spatial coherence and spatial heterogeneity that have been demonstrated to provide substance to both theory and explanat

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Antonio Páez Julie Le Gallo Editors

Ron N. Buliung Sandy Dall‘erba

Progress in Spatial Analysis Methods and Applications

123

Advances in Spatial Science Editorial Board Manfred M. Fischer Geoffrey J.D. Hewings Peter Nijkamp Folke Snickars (Coordinating Editor)

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/3302

Antonio Páez Julie Le Gallo Ron N. Buliung Sandy Dall’erba l

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Editors

Progress in Spatial Analysis Methods and Applications

123

Editors Professor Antonio Páez School of Geography and Earth Sciences 1280 Main Street West McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada [email protected]

Professor Julie Le Gallo Université de Franche-Comté CRESE 45 D, Avenue de l’Observatoire 25030 Besançon Cedex, France [email protected]

Professor Ron N. Buliung Department of Geography University of Toronto at Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada [email protected]

Professor Sandy Dall’erba Department of Geography and Regional Development University of Arizona P.O. Box 210076 Tucson, AZ 85721, USA [email protected]

Advances in Spatial Science ISSN 1430-9602 ISBN 978-3-642-03324-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-03326-1 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03326-1 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009934479 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

For Patricia, Leonardo, and Luanna (AP) For Tara, Meera, and Emily (RB)

Foreword

Space is one of the fundamental categories by means of which we perceive and experience the world around us. Behaviour takes place in space, and the geographical context of behaviour is important in shaping that behaviour. While space by itself explains very little, spatial processes and the spatial patterning of behaviour have long been viewed as a key to understanding, explaining, and predicting much of human behaviour. Whether or not spatial analysis is a separate academic field, the fact remains that, in the past 20 years, spatial analysis has become an important by-product of the interest in and the need to understand georeference