Vibration Analysis: Methods and Applications
In medical diagnostics, a medical doctor uses a stethoscope and other instruments to reveal hidden anomalies that could cause health problems later or to diagnose problems you already have. The same should be true for complex industrial systems such as au
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Vibration Analysis: Methods and Applications J. Lyle Bagley
Abstract
In medical diagnostics, a medical doctor uses a stethoscope and other instruments to reveal hidden anomalies that could cause health problems later or to diagnose problems you already have. The same should be true for complex industrial systems such as automobiles and high-pressure multi-stage compressors. Fast Fourier transform vibration spectrum analysis (FFT VSA) can be the stethoscope of the quality engineer to ensure that a manufacturing system is ‘‘in control’’ and to predict or diagnose problems in a particular device. The FFT VSA principles, while currently applied to a limited array of industrial equipment, are applicable to anything that shakes. This chapter introduces vibration theory, relevant vocabulary, tools of analysis, and their applications in predictive and diagnostic maintenance of complex machinery. It describes FFT VSA methodology for manufacturing quality, predictive and diagnostic maintenance, which can lead to longer, healthier lives for industrial equipment, ultimately enhancing cost, quality, and productivity.
This chapter introduces vibration theory, relevant vocabulary, tools of analysis, and their applications in predictive and diagnostic maintenance of complex machinery.
J. Lyle Bagley (&) BAUER COMPRESSORS, 1328 Azalea Garden Road, Norfolk, Virginia 23502-1944, USA e-mail: [email protected]
7.1
Introduction
‘‘When your automobile makes a strange noise, it is trying to tell you that something is wrong’’! Such a statement has been exclaimed by more than one ‘‘backyard mechanic’’ since the dawning of the auto. A tool that emerges early in most visits to the family doctor is the stethoscope, whether for diagnostic purposes or a routine examination. ‘‘I don’t know what’s wrong with the air conditioner in the attic, but it makes a loud clicking sound every time I turn it on’’. All three of these scenarios deal with vibrations that identify potential or existing problems, and attention to each could avoid
H. Czichos (ed.), Handbook of Technical Diagnostics, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25850-3_7, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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catastrophic failure. It follows that the converse is also true—ignoring abnormal vibrations may result in severe consequences. Vibration monitoring is certainly not new. Aircraft and shipboard maintenance strategies have long incorporated sensors to identify changing or abnormal physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow, and vibration. However, a globally changing economy with ever-increasing competition for market share has spawned greater interest in minimizing maintenance costs and maximizing reliability, particularly for more complex, more expensive equipment. Continuous technological advancements such as vibration spectral analysis by fast Fourier transform have facilitated such cost and reliability enhancements. Maintenance philosophy has evolved from ‘‘run to failure’’, through preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance, which has emerg
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