Prokaryotic Community Compositions of the Hypersaline Sediments of Tuz Lake Demonstrated by Cloning and High-Throughput
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XPERIMENTAL ARTICLES
Prokaryotic Community Compositions of the Hypersaline Sediments of Tuz Lake Demonstrated by Cloning and High-Throughput Sequencing S. Çınara, *, ** and M. B. Mutlua aDepartment
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, 26470 Turkey *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received June 16, 2020; revised July 9, 2020; accepted July 25, 2020
Abstract—Tuz Lake is a shallow, perennial, inland hypersaline lake located at the center of the Turkey. Microbial populations developing in the sedimentary layers of the lake were investigated by using 16S rRNA genetargeted Illumina MiSeq sequencing and cloning. A total of 11 samples were taken from three sampling points. Here we report the relative abundance of microbial taxa distributed across the sediment samples. Abundant, rare and region-specific prokaryotic taxa were also examined and compared. The majority of high-throughput sequences were associated with the classes Halobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bipolaricaulia, Desulfovibrionia, candidate division MSBL-1, Bacteroidia, and Desulfobacteria. Gemmatimonadota_c, Rhodothermia, Alphaproteobacteria, Methanonatronarchaeia, Thermoplasmata, Halanaerobiia, Desulfobulbia, and Bacilli were other notable taxa with low abundance. A genus belonging to Bipolaricaulia was the most abundant taxon, accounting for 11.5% of all MiSeq reads. Reads affiliated with the genera Halomonas, Desulfovermiculus, MSBL-1_g1, and Halodesulfurarchaeum were also detected at high abundance. Bipolaricaulota, Bacteroidales, Desulfosalsimonas, Desulfobulbales, Gemmatimonadota, Lentisphaeria, Halobacteriales, MSBL-1, Thermoplasmata, and DHVEG-1 related phylotypes were also frequently represented in the clone libraries. Keywords: hypersaline sediment, high-throughput sequencing, cloning, Tuz Lake DOI: 10.1134/S0026261720060028
Hypersaline environments, which are generally known to have a microbiota well adapted to extreme conditions, have been the focus of numerous studies. Microbial populations in the brines of crystallization ponds of sea solar salterns, terrestrial (athalassic) salt lakes, and deep sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHAB) in many different regions of the world have been studied and characterized (Antón et al., 2000; Eder et al., 2002; Burns et al., 2004; Makhdoumi-Kakhki et al., 2012; Yakimov et al., 2013). However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate microbial populations in the sediment layers beneath the salt crusts (Eder et al., 1999; Mouné et al., 2003; Kjeldsen et al., 2007; Baati et al., 2010a; Kim et al., 2012; Vavourakis et al., 2018). Oxygen may not be present in the sediment layer, both as a result of chemical interaction with sulfide and due to its consumption by diverse microbial groups in the upper layer. Moreover, the solubility of oxygen in brine is very low, and oxygen and light cannot reach deeper layers. Varying environmental conditions in the transition zone from the salt crust to the sedimentary layer may cause some microbial
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