Study on the Release Potential of BPA and Steroid Estrogens in the Sediments of Erhai Lake, a Typical Plateau Lake of Ch
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Study on the Release Potential of BPA and Steroid Estrogens in the Sediments of Erhai Lake, a Typical Plateau Lake of China Jian Shen1,2,3 · Xueying Li2,3 · Xinze Wang1,2,3 · Jimeng Feng1,2,3 · Xiaojuan He1 · Shiyi Jiang3 · Ailing Zhou2,3 · Xiaoyan Ouyang2,3 Received: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract On-site sampling analysis and laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to study the pollution status and release potential of EDCs in Erhai Lake. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Erhai Lake sediment were both at a high level, as well as EDCs pollution. The concentrations of BPA, E2α, E1, E2β, EE2, and E3 were 36.84 ng/g(DW), 13.04 ng/g(DW), 128.97 ng/g(DW), 52.57 ng/g(DW), 18.48 ng/g(DW) and 5.36 ng/g(DW), respectively. The concentrations of E2α, E1, E2β and EE2 in the bottom water were higher than the surface water due to the impact of sediment release. The results of the 20 days release test indicated that BPA release from the sediment had a greater correlation with the original concentration and the particle size of sediment, while the steroid EDCs had no obvious correlation with these two factors, probably due to the difference in hydrophobicity between them. Under hydraulic disturbance and aerobic conditions, the release process of EDCs was accompanied by a large amount of microbial degradation, and degradation amount > released amount. BPA was released quickly, 9.56% was released in 20 days, but only 3.37% of steroid EDCs released. In comparison, the release process of steroids was longer and posed a greater threat to aquatic ecology. Keywords BPA · Steroid estrogen · Release · Erhai Lake · Plateau Lake
* Xinze Wang [email protected] Jian Shen [email protected] Xueying Li [email protected] Jimeng Feng [email protected] Xiaojuan He [email protected] Shiyi Jiang [email protected] Ailing Zhou [email protected] Xiaoyan Ouyang [email protected] 1
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Yunnan Erhai Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Dali 671000, China
3
Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali 671000, China
Steroid estrogen is a type of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or endocrine disruptors (EDs), which may cause harm to organisms at very low concentration (level of ng/L) (Jenkins et al. 2001; Orlando et al. 2004). All humans as well as animals can excrete steroids from their bodies, which end up in the environment through sewage discharge and animal waste disposal. Those steroids have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants and surface water nearby. Through drinking or touching the surface water in which EDCs are above the disruption threshold concentration, they may interfere with the normal functioning of human endocrine systems, thus affecting reproduction and development. Estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (E2α), 17β-estradiol (E2β), 17α-ethinylestradiol (E
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