Promoter Associated RNA Methods and Protocols
This volume is divided in four sections; covering genome wide approaches, techniques for characterize of paRNA structural features are described, selecting pa-RNA, and paRNA therapeutic potential. Chapters describe how siRNAsdirected against paRNAs can be
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Sara Napoli Editor
Promoter Associated RNA Methods and Protocols
Methods
in
Molecular Biology
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Promoter Associated RNA Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Sara Napoli Experimental Therapeutics Group, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
Editor Sara Napoli Experimental Therapeutics Group Institute of Oncology Research Bellinzona, Switzerland
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-6714-8 ISBN 978-1-4939-6716-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-6716-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016958614 © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.
Preface A large portion of the human genome encodes for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides and without an open reading frame, which play widespread roles in gene regulation and other cellular processes. They can be transcribed from intergenic regions, but many of them are associated with annotated protein-coding genes, instead. Noncoding and coding transcripts at a given locus can overlap, and this phenomenon is called transcriptional forest. It includes sense-antisense transcripts coming from transcription of both strands, sense noncoding RNA overlapping mRNA from the sense strand but not encoding for protein, or totally intronic RNAs. Other long ncRNAs linked to coding genes are associated with enhancers (eRNAs) or promoters (paRNAs). They are generally
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