Protective impact of lycopene on ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis in rats
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Protective impact of lycopene on ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis in rats Walaa Wadie 1
&
Aya Hamada Mohamed 2 & Marwa Ashour Masoud 2 & Hanan Amin Rizk 2 & Helmy Moawad Sayed 1
Received: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Protection against cholestasis and its consequences are considered an essential issue to improve the quality of a patient’s life and reduce the number of death every year from liver diseases. Lycopene, a natural carotenoid, has antioxidant scavenger capacity and inhibits inflammation in many experimental models. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential protective effects of lycopene, in comparison to silymarin, in a rat model of cholestatic liver. Animals were daily injected with 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE; 5 mg/kg) for 18 successive days. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and lycopene (10 mg/kg) were orally administered once per day through the experimental period. Lycopene significantly decreased the EE-induced rise in the serum levels of total bile acid and total bilirubin as well as the activities of alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transaminase. Moreover, lycopene reduced the hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as the hepatic activity of myeloperoxidase that were markedly elevated by EE. Lycopene increased the hepatic levels of total protein and albumin and reduced glutathione. In addition, lycopene improved the hepatic histopathological changes induced by EE. These protective effects of lycopene were comparable to that of silymarin. In conclusion, lycopene was effective in protecting against estrogen-induced cholestatic liver injury through its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. Therefore, lycopene might be a potentially effective drug for protection against cholestasis in susceptible women during pregnancy, administration of oral contraceptives, or postmenopausal replacement therapy. Keywords Cholestasis . Ethinylestradiol . Lycopene . Silymarin . Liver
Introduction Women may experience intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, administration of oral contraceptives, or during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Estrogens have been well-known to induce intrahepatic cholestasis in susceptible women (Jansen et al. 2001). This pathological condition is characterized by impairment of bile flow and accumulation of bile acid (BA) in plasma and livers (Vore 1987). The detergent properties of the accumulated BA can cause liver injury through mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural and/or functional damage of the * Walaa Wadie [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
2
Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
hepatocyte membrane (Kullak-Ublick and Meier 2000; Sokol et al. 2001; Roma et al.
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