Protective effects of Gymnaster koraiensis extract on ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Protective effects of Gymnaster koraiensis extract on ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats Soo Young Choe1 · Yoonhee Seo2 · Chae Young Bang3 · Seok Hoon Woo3 · Moonkyu Kang3 Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 February 2020 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract Use of chronic alcohol produces alcoholic liver disease, with relationship of the beginning of abnormal lipid metabolism. Recent studies show that abnormal cholesterol metabolism has a specific role in the pathological cause of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gymnaster koraiensis (GK), a worthy perennial Korean wild plant has specific polyacetylene compounds. Many researches have presented that GK has many pharmacological properties, such as oxidation prevention, liver protection, and inflammation prevention. However, the conservative effect of GK on alcoholic fatty liver has not been researched so far. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated to normal feeding (fed a normal feeding for 4 weeks) and ethanol feeding (ED) groups. Rats in the ED group were administered a Lieber-DeCarli liquid feeding (containing 6.7% ethanol) and administered GK extract (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day), silymarin (200 mg/kg/day), or no treatment for 4 weeks. Each treatment group contained six rats. The administration with GK decreased serum levels of triglycerides, alcohol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, while increased serum level of adiponectin and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. In alcohol-triggered fatty liver, GK decreased total cholesterol and fatty acid synthase, while increased catalase and superoxide dismutase. Alterations in liver histology, as assessed by H&E staining, showed that the GK treatment decreased amass of lipids in liver. These results present that GK extract may be potential therapeutic agent for alcoholic fatty liver disease by preventing fatty acid synthesis and activating anti-oxidation enzymes, while in activating alcohol degradation in ethanol-triggered fatty liver. Keywords Gymnaster koraiensis · GK · Alcohol-triggered fatty liver · Alcoholic fatty liver disease · Anti-oxidation enzymes · Inhibition of lipid amass
Introduction Excess alcohol use for a long time produces alcoholic liver disease (ALD), ranging from hepatic steatosis to hepatitis, and cirrhosis, which has been regarded as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality universal (Rehm et al. 2009; Ding et al. 2012). About 3.0 million deaths (5.3% of all deaths) and more than 5% of global disease load are resulted from * Moonkyu Kang [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
2
EBO Co. Ltd, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
3
R&D Center, MAYJUNE Life & Health Co., Inc., 10F, Y Tower, 129 Jayang‑ro, Gangjin‑gu, 05026 Seoul, Republic of Korea
harmful use of alcohol in 2016 (Feng et al. 2019). In spite of severe health influences of ALD, the ac
