Proteins and peptides for functional nanomaterials: Current efforts and new opportunities
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oduction Biological systems have demonstrated the ability to create hierarchical nano-/microscale structures under physiological conditions from a wide range of materials. Better known examples include proteinaceous material that house inorganic nanoclusters to facilitate biochemical reactions, and structural components of harder tissues, such as calcium carbonate in seashells to the hydroxyapatite found in bone.1,2 Additionally, various microorganisms have been found to create inorganic nanostructures for various evolutionary reasons. Examples include magnetotactic bacteria that synthesize uniform magnetite nanoparticles for navigational purposes to Escherichia coli that produce metallic nanoparticles to mitigate metal cation p oisoning.1,3 Inspired by such natural phenomena, r esearchers are active in understanding and applying such processes for the generation of functional nanomaterials.2,4 Arguably catalyzed by the pioneering work on Kroger and co-workers,5,6 the area of functional nanomaterials via
biomineralization showcased how proteinaceous materials can create nanoscale-metal oxides under physiological conditions.7,8 In addition, researchers began to obtain peptide sequences through biopanning processes for nanomaterials synthesis and assembly, with peptide sequences available for a wide range of materials.2,4 Though research in this area to date is poised to make continued impactful scientific discoveries, an influx of advanced biotechnological methods should be implemented to accelerate transformative discoveries. In parallel, the field of synthetic biology was beginning to show its disruptive potential to “build with biology” in a rapid and predictable manner for various applications that are now emerging today. In broad terms, synthetic biology aims to deconstruct biological systems into well-characterized functional parts that can be implemented in new and redesigned biological materials/processes to provide functions not readily found in nature. Early examples of synthetic biology predominantly focused on using catalogued DNA parts to build
Hasti Iranmanesh, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; [email protected] Bijil Subhash, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia; [email protected] Dominic J. Glover, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia; [email protected] Nicholas M. Bedford, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia; [email protected] doi:10.1557/mrs.2020.299 • DECEMBER © The Author(s), 2020, published on behalf of Materials by Cambridge University PresstoMRS BULLETIN •Core VOLUME 45 of 2020at• Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of NewResearch England,Society on 13 Dec 2020 at 15:28:58, subject the Cambridge terms use, available https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.299
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Proteins and peptides for functional nanomateria
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