Transgenic Banana: Current Status, Opportunities and Challenges
Banana and plantains are one of the most important crops grown extensively in tropical and subtropical countries. It is grown in more than 130 countries in an area of 5.14 million hectares producing 114 million tonnes (http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-
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Abstract
Banana and plantains are one of the most important crops grown extensively in tropical and subtropical countries. It is grown in more than 130 countries in an area of 5.14 million hectares producing 114 million tonnes (http://www.fao.org/ economic/est/est-commodities/bananas/bananafacts/en/#.W76y7WgzbIV). However, bananas are one of the least genetically improved crops, due to their specific characteristics, mainly genomic constitutions, heterozygosity, polyploidy and parthenocarpic fruits concurrently with complex genetic system. They are the main constraints for initiating plant breeding work aimed at its improvement. Most of the production is still based on the cultivars derived from wild collections which have been successfully domesticated and utilized for consumption. A number of diseases, pests and abiotic stresses affect banana cultivation and production considerably. Against this backdrop, active research using latest genetic and molecular technologies to generate plants resistant/tolerant to different biotic and abiotic stresses is being pursued across the globe. Genetic engineering, molecular markers, sequencing of genome, bio-fortification and geneediting technologies are being currently exploited for improving banana fruit qualities and healthy plant populations. The present review outlines and discusses the state of contemporary work in banana transgenic research including methodologies followed, in conjunction with the problems encountered to T. R. Ganapathi · H. Tak Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India S. Negi Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India V. A. Bapat (*) Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 P. B. K. Kishor et al. (eds.), Genetically Modified Crops, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5932-7_5
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achieve the targeted goals. Simultaneously, progress and success in specific examples have been highlighted, and scope and prospects for the future work have been highlighted. Keywords
Agrobacterium · Biofortification · Biotic and abiotic stresses · Transgenic banana
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Introduction
Banana and plantains are among the most important fruit crops in the world originated in South East Asia and have been domesticated from early days of agriculture (Simmonds 1962, 1987; Mindzie et al. 2001). All varieties and hybrids of banana encountered today belong to the genus Musa of the family Musaceae. Around 30–40 species are present in this genus (Simmonds 1987), and all the wild relatives are diploids with 14, 18, 20 or 22 chromosomes. On the basis of the number of chromosomes and floral arrangement in inflorescence, Musa is categorized into five sections Australimusa, Callimusa, Eumusa, Ingentimusa and Rhodochlamys. These include the wild seeded lines, edible bananas and parthenocarpic varieties (Ortiz et al. 1995). Ornamental bananas are grou
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