Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25-Item Version in El Salvador
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Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25-Item Version in El Salvador John Young 1
&
Sujith Ramachandran 2 & Regan Stewart 3 & Rosaura Orengo-Aguayo 3 & Bruce F. Chorpita 4
Accepted: 14 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, 25-Item Version (RCADS-25) is a well-known, brief self-report measure of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. As part of an initiative to institute school-based screening for psychopathology, this study conducted a psychometric examination of the Spanish form of this measure in El Salvador in a sample of 1296 3rd- through 12th-graders (mean age = 12.73 (SD = 2.67); 55.2% female; 100% Latinx). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the previously established two-factor structure comprising Anxiety and Depression subscales provided a strong fit for the data. Additionally, measurement invariance analyses by gender demonstrated scalar (strong) invariance, indicating that patterns of responses did not differ on the basis of this variable. This finding is particularly useful in making direct comparisons of symptom levels between boys and girls in future studies involving Central American youth. Norms derived from the current sample are presented and the utility of invariance study in cross-cultural research is highlighted. The findings are also contextualized in comparison to the broader literature examining the various forms of the RCADS in global populations, which indicates a robust, broadly useful measure for capturing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Keywords Evidence-based assessment . RCADS . Cross-cultural psychometrics . CFA
Anxious and depressive diagnoses are common and frequently comorbid among youth, with lifetime prevalence rates between 15 and 25% depending upon condition (Copeland et al. 2013; Copeland et al. 2015; Kessler et al. 2012a, b). This is problematic due to the negative ramifications of these symptoms, including social, educational, functional, and developmental impairments (Swan and Kendall 2016). Additionally, clinical diagnosis of one or more emotional disorders in adolescence predicts much greater likelihood of sustained or recurrent difficulties in adulthood (Copeland et al. 2013; Pine et al. 1998). Considering their prevalence and negative etiological impact, it is perhaps not surprising that many previous * John Young [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, 112D Peabody Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
2
Department of Pharmacy Administration, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
3
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
4
Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
studies have focused on development and psychometric investigation of tools to detect symptoms of these disorders. Much of that research has been focused on youth selfreport in
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