Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) in patients with fibromya
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) in patients with fibromyalgia Ausias Cebolla1, Juan V Luciano2, Marcelo Piva DeMarzo3, Mayte Navarro-Gil4 and Javier Garcia Campayo5*
Abstract Background: Mindful-based interventions improve functioning and quality of life in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. The aim of the study is to perform a psychometric analysis of the Spanish version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a sample of patients diagnosed with FM. Methods: The following measures were administered to 251 Spanish patients with FM: the Spanish version of MAAS, the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophising Scale, the Injustice Experience Questionnaire, the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and the Euroqol. Factorial structure was analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to examine internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the test-retest reliability of the measures. Pearson’s correlation tests were run to evaluate univariate relationships between scores on the MAAS and criterion variables. Results: The MAAS scores in our sample were low (M = 56.7; SD = 17.5). CFA confirmed a two-factor structure, with the following fit indices [sbX2 = 172.34 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.06. MAAS was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) and adequate test-retest reliability at a 1–2 week interval (ICC = 0.90). It showed significant and expected correlations with the criterion measures with the exception of the Euroqol (Pearson = 0.15). Conclusion: Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the MAAS in patients with FM are adequate. The dimensionality of the MAAS found in this sample and directions for future research are discussed. Keywords: Mindfulness, MAAS, Reliability, Validity, Fibromyalgia
Background In the last 20 years, an increasing number of studies have been dedicated to research on mindfulness and the use of mindfulness training as a clinical intervention for diverse physical and mental disorders. Mindfulness refers to an awareness that emerges by paying attention to purpose and to the present moment and nonjudgmentally focusing on the unfolding of one’s immediate experience [1,2]. Mindfulness is a skill that can be taught using several uniquely designed techniques [3].
* Correspondence: [email protected] 5 Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital & University of Zaragoza, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Red de Actividades Preventivas y de Promoción de la Salud (REDIAPP), Zaragoza, Spain Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Mindfulness-based therapies have been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of many disorders, including chronic pain conditions [4-6]. The mechanisms underlying the effects that mindfulness training has on health a
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