2D Nanocarbons as the Matrix for Immobilized Microbial Preparations
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MATERIALS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
2D Nanocarbons as the Matrix for Immobilized Microbial Preparations A. P. Voznyakovskiia,*, I. I. Novikovab, A. A. Voznyakovskiic, I. V. Boikovab, and A. Yu. Neverovskayaa a Lebedev b
Institute of Synthetic Rubber, St. Petersburg, 198035 Russia All Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia c Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received December 23, 2019; revised December 23, 2019; accepted February 17, 2020
Abstract—Experimental data on the production of dry powders of immobilized biological preparations intended for treatment of oil-contaminated soil were obtained. The carbonization of biopolymers (starch, lignin) using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was used as the basic method for obtaining 2D carbon structures used as a matrix for immobilization of oil-destructor microorganisms. Oil-destructor Microorganisms were selected from the accredited collection of the All Russian Institute of Plant Protection. The obtained experimental samples of biological preparations have shown their potential for eliminating the anthropogenic consequences of soil contamination with petroleum products. DOI: 10.1134/S1063784220090297
INTRODUCTION At present, biological science is moving away from the traditional concept of microbial cells as strictly individual organisms to the concept of microbial communities as integral structures that regulate their physiological and biochemical characteristics depending on changes in environmental conditions. In particular, the immobilization of microbial communities on the surface of solid carriers (i.e., the creation of immobilized biological products) is considered as a promising direction in the creation of high-tech biological preparations that retain their initial properties for a long time. At the same time, an essential requirement for the developed biological preparations is the possibility of their production in powder form, which makes their storage, transportation, and use convenient. Therefore, compositions that are associates of microbial cells and particles of inorganic materials are actively studied [1, 2]. In such preparations, the surface of the solid particle is a substrate on which microorganism cells or active molecules are distributed. Recently, the attention of many research groups has been attracted by associates of microorganisms and carbon nanomaterials, due to the possibility of the involvement of the carbon component in the biogeochemical cycle [3]. In principle, the whole series of allotropic forms of nanocarbon, including detonation synthesis nanodiamonds, fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene materials, may be used as matrices for creating biological
preparations. Unlike graphene itself, graphene materials include a family of 2D carbon structures containing up to 60 graphene layers [4]. The advantage of graphene structures is that, with a nanoscale thickness of sheet or a multilayer stack of graphene sheets, the planar, but not specific, surface area of the
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