A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a poor prognostic factor for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a poor prognostic factor for castrationresistant prostate cancer patients who undergo abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide treatment Takashi Kawahara1* , Masashi Kato2, Kenichi Tabata3, Ippei Kojima2, Hiroshi Yamada2, Osamu Kamihira2, Hideyasu Tsumura3, Masatsugu Iwamura3, Hiroji Uemura1 and Yasuhide Miyoshi1
Abstract Background: Inflammatory cytokine markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocytelymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, play important roles as prognostic markers in several solid malignancies, including prostate cancer. We previously reported the NLR as a poor prognostic marker in bladder cancer, upper-urothelial carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, penile cancer, and prostate cancer. This study examined the importance of the NLR as a prognostic marker for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who received abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide. Methods: A total of 805 prostate cancer patients developed in CRPC status were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 449 received abiraterone acetate (ABI; 188 cases) or enzalutamide (ENZ; 261 cases) treatment, and the pre-treatment NLR values of these patients were obtained. We investigated the prognosis in those with higher and lower NLR values. Results: The median NLR was 2.90, and a receiver operating characteristics analysis suggested a candidate cut-off point of 3.02. The median overall survival (OS) was 17.3 months in the higher NLR group (≥3.02) and 27.3 months in the lower NLR group (< 3.02) (p < 0.0001). This trend was also observed in both the ABI and ENZ groups (ABI: 29.3 vs. 15.1 months; ENZ: NR vs. 19.5 months; p < 0.0001 and < 0.0001, respectively). A multivariate analysis revealed that a higher NLR was an independent risk factor. The NLR value was thus shown to be correlated with the prostate cancer progression. Conclusions: A higher NLR was associated with a poorer OS for CRPC patients who received ABI or ENZ. The NLR was positively correlated with prostate cancer progression. Keywords: The NLR, Abiraterone acetate, Enzalutamide
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 2320024, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Some inflammatory cytokine markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocytelymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, play important roles as prognostic markers in certain solid malignancies, including prostate cancer [1]. We previously reported the NLR to be a poor prognostic
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