A phylogenetic analysis of Momordica (Cucurbitaceae) in India based on karyo-morphology, nuclear DNA content and rDNA IT
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A phylogenetic analysis of Momordica (Cucurbitaceae) in India based on karyo-morphology, nuclear DNA content and rDNA ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 sequences Ipshita Ghosh 1 & Partha Sarathi Saha 2
&
Biplab Kumar Bhowmick 3
&
Sumita Jha 1
Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The infrageneric delimitation of Momordica, a medicinally important genus of Cucurbitaceae, is ill-defined until date. Momordica chromosomes are extremely small and are difficult to stain and visualize because of the dense cytoplasmic background. We have conducted karyomorphometric analysis by EMA method in five Indian Momordica species, and the nuclear genome sizes were estimated by flow cytometry for the first time. The somatic chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 18 to 56 in the species. We have resolved previously disputed chromosome numbers in M. cymbalaria and M. dioica as 2n = 18 (lowest) and 2n = 56, respectively. Chromosome counts in the other species were re-confirmed as 2n = 22 in M. charantia, 2n = 28 in M. cochinchinensis and 2n = 56 in M. subangulata. The largest genome size was recorded in M. cymbalaria (3.74 pg 2C−1), while the smallest size (0.72 pg 2C−1) was detected in M. charantia var. charantia. The nuclear genome sizes were analysed in comparison to chromosome numbers and total chromosome lengths of the species. Karyomorphometric indices showed comparable symmetric karyotypes in the species except in M. cymbalaria having tendency towards asymmetry. The UPGMA phenogram and principle component analysis based on nuclear DNA contents and karyomorphometric parameters demonstrated interspecies differences, intraspecific distinction within M. charantia varieties and highlighted distinction of M. cymbalaria. This study was further supported by the rDNA ITS sequence-based phylogenetic analysis which revealed the monophyletic origin of the Indian members of Momordica and clarified the intraspecies relationship among the studied members. As a whole, the study brought out new insights on species diversification within the genus Momordica in India and would benefit further studies on biosystematics and plant breeding programmes. Keywords Cucurbitaceae . EMA . Flow cytometry . ITS . Karyotype . Momordica
Introduction Handling Editor: Peter Nick Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01576-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sumita Jha [email protected] 1
Center of Advanced study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
2
Department of Botany, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, West Bengal 743268, India
3
Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, 1&3, Urquhart Square, Kolkata, West Bengal 700006, India
The plant family ‘Cucurbitaceae’ is the second largest group of vegetable producing plants after Solanaceae. India, with diverse eco-climatic make ups, is the
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