A Simple and Green Vortex-Assisted Switchable Solvent-Based Microextraction Method by Using Schiff Base Ligand Complexat
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A Simple and Green Vortex-Assisted Switchable Solvent-Based Microextraction Method by Using Schiff Base Ligand Complexation for Iron Determination in Mineral Spring Water Samples Prior to Slotted Quartz Tube Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Nursu Aylin Kasa & Emine Gülhan Bakirdere & Sezgin Bakirdere Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, a vortex-assisted switchable solvent microextraction (VA-SSME) method was developed for the determination of iron by slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQTFAAS). A ligand synthesized from the reaction of ortho-phenylenediamine and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde was used to form a coordinate complex of iron. All experimental variables such as switchable solvent amount, sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium hydroxide amount, and diluent amount were optimized to increase extraction efficiency for the iron complex. Optimum conditions were applied to aqueous standard solutions in the range of 20–750 ng/mL, and the percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) was less than 2.0%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as 4.8 and 16.2 ng/mL, respectively. The optimized method recorded approximately 53 times enhancement according to the conventional FAAS system. The proposed method was applied to mineral spring water samples, and satisfactory percent N. A. Kasa : S. Bakirdere (*) Chemistry Department, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] N. A. Kasa Science Department, Nun Schools, 34829 İstanbul, Turkey E. G. Bakirdere Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey
recovery results (100–105%) were obtained for iron, indicating good applicability in addition to high accuracy. Keywords Iron . SSME . SQT-FAAS . Mineral spring water
1 Introduction Iron (Fe) has been proven to be essential for cellular metabolic processes in the nervous system, such as mitochondrial respiration, where they function as cofactors for antioxidant enzymatic processes (dos Santos et al. 2018). The average daily iron requirement is 0.27 mg for babies under 6 months old, 27 mg for pregnant women, 8.0 mg for healthy adult men, and 18 mg for healthy adult women (Borzoei et al. 2018). The level of iron is important for mammalian health, and iron level below 12 μg/L causes anemia. For this reason, accumulation of iron in the body as iron ferritin is important to make up for any deficiency (AbdelAzeem et al. 2013). However, excessive amounts may lead to different types of diseases such as thalassemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and sickle cell anemia (Durukan et al. 2011). A very fine line lies between iron deficiency and accumulation of excess amounts in the body from different sources, and this requires regular sensitive monitoring. Hence, it is very important to accurately and precisely determine iron in different matrices (Tabrizi 2010).
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