A Study on the Nonmetallic Inclusion Motions in a Swirling Flow Submerged Entry Nozzle in a New Cylindrical Tundish Desi
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usions are of highest importance during steel production. This is due to the fact that they not only can affect the steel product quality in a negative manner but can also cause an interruption of the continuous casting process by clogging the tundish submerged entry nozzle (SEN). To summarize,
PEIYUAN NI is with the Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-metal Intergrown Ores of Education Ministry, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, China and also with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Contact email: [email protected] MIKAEL ERSSON, LAGE TORD INGEMAR JONSSON, and PA¨R GO¨RAN JO¨NSSON are with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Manuscript submitted July 21, 2017. Article published online December 29, 2017. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
inclusions induce product or production problems, which are closely related to the inclusion transport in steel flows during the continuous casting process. Therefore, the understanding of inclusion behaviors in steel flows is important to optimize the production process and to improve the product quality. In the tundish and mold, steelmakers have the last chance to remove nonmetallic inclusions in order to make steel clean. The removal of inclusions in the tundish can reduce the number concentration of inclusions in the molten steel, which is expected to reduce the clogging rate in the tundish SEN. In the past, a large number of numerical simulation studies have investigated the behaviors of inclusions during the steel continuous casting process.[1–25] For the inclusion motion in tundish, studies have been carried out to investigate the inclusion removal under the effects of various factors such as flow control devices, tundish geometries, gas bubbling rates, and inclusion sizes.[1–8] After inclusions move from the tundish into the SEN,
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their deposition on the SEN wall can lead to nozzle clogging. In order to understand the deposition location and mechanism, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have been carried out to investigate the inclusion transport in turbulent steel flows and its deposition on the SEN walls.[9–17] Deposition rates of inclusions on the SEN wall were predicted by using an Eulerian deposition model, which considered the transport of inclusions in the turbulent flow boundary layer as well as the turbophoresis effect.[16,17] Finally, inclusions move into the mold accompanying steel flows, where the solidification of molten steel happens. The concerns about inclusions in molds include its removal to the top mold slag and its capture by the solidifying front. These concerns have been investigated in many CFD studies focusing on SEN port designs, SEN submerged depths, argon injection, electromagnetic braking, and so on.[18–25] Among them, the particle-capture model developed by Thomas et al.[25] gives a good contribution to describe the particle capture behavior
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