Alcohol and Tobacco Medical and Sociological Aspects of Use, Abuse a

Alcohol and nicotine addiction mostly occur together. Over the last ten years therapeutic aspects and motivational strategies have been considerably improved. Hence, groups and subgroups have been defined and can be treated with specific medication and ta

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Alcohol and Tobacco Medical and Sociological Aspects of Use, Abuse and Addiction

Otto Michael Lesch, MD Henriette Walter, MD Medical University of Vienna, Austria

Christian Wetschka, PhD Vienna, Austria

Michie N. Hesselbrock, PhD Victor Hesselbrock, PhD University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. This does also refer to information about drug dosage and application thereof. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. © 2011 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Germany SpringerWienNewYork is part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.at Copy editing: Claire Speringer, 1030 Vienna, Austria Typesetting: PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, 10779 Berlin, Germany Printing: Strauss GmbH, 69509 Mörlenbach, Germany Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 12610372 With 122 Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2010935024 ISBN 978-3-7091-0145-2 SpringerWienNewYork

Acknowledgements

After more than 30 years working with psychiatric patients especially with addicted patients I thank many friends, experts and researchers. At the beginning of my work in 1972 Berner P., Mader R. and Strotzka H. supported my education and they made it possible to organize in a catchment area a social psychiatric network. In this network a long term treatment (chain: outpatientinpatient-outpatient) could be developed. There it was possible to investigate the long term course of psychiatric, especially of alcohol addicted patients. After 4 years of work the first results could be published. In this ongoing research an international discussion process started. Boening J., Pelc I., Tabakoff B., Platz W. and DeWitte P. have always drawn my attention to the fact, that in addictive processes psychosocial factors have the same importance than biological vulnerabilities. These experts but also a lot of others from many countries helped me to publish the most important results and invited me to many international conferences to discuss our data. My research team produced many new results and I have to thank

them for many interesting hours bringing in new and important research ideas. Especially I would like to thank H. Poltnig, who died much to early, for producing the first LAT-documentation. Henriette Walter helped to produce the first German manuscript, Christian Wetschka brought in his social therapeutic expertise and Michie and Vi