An Ecological Overview of Halophytes in Inland Areas of Central Europe
In humid regions, inland salt marshes are mostly related to fossil salt deposits and salty springs and need to be continuously supported by saline water. Halophytes from inland saline areas can be identified based on their species frequency in salt marshe
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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Inland Salt-Tolerant Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Inland Salt Marsh Plant Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Inland Salt Marsh Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Abstract
In humid regions, inland salt marshes are mostly related to fossil salt deposits and salty springs and need to be continuously supported by saline water. Halophytes from inland saline areas can be identified based on their species frequency in salt marshes and existing knowledge about their salt tolerance, in conjunction with known definitions, or based on a habitat approach. Inland salt marshes in Central Europe are inhabited by many plant species, and not only those known as halophytes. Most are salt-tolerant but known from nonsaline areas. There is still a lack of knowledge that would allow halophytes to be recognized as a welldefined group. Research on halotolerant species in controlled environments is needed to recognize salt tolerance mechanisms. Different sources list different sets of species typical of inland saline areas. A habitat approach will allow us to identify the group of species that are typical of inland salt marshes and that form the individual associations typical of saline sites, such as Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia distans, Spergularia salina, Atriplex prostrata, Juncus gerardi, Aster tripolium, Triglochin maritimum, Glaux maritima, Suaeada maritima, etc. However, there is still a Europe-wide lack of a generalization and typology for temperate inland salt marsh vegetation that might help in a description of all typical species. A. Piernik (*) Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 M.-N. Grigore (ed.), Handbook of Halophytes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_16-1
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A. Piernik
Keywords
Salinity · Salt marshes · Plant ecology · Priority habitats · Salt tolerance
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Introduction
Saline soils associated with the presence of halophytic vegetation cover ca 10% of the land (O’Leary and Glenn 1994; Shahid et al. 2018). Natural terrestrial saline habitats include coastal salt meadows, mangrove forests, and inland salt marshes and
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