An Ultra-Low Power Programmable Current Gain Amplifier with a Novel Current Gain Controller Structure for IoT Applicatio
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An Ultra‑Low Power Programmable Current Gain Amplifier with a Novel Current Gain Controller Structure for IoT Applications A. R. Ghorbani1 · M. B. Ghaznavi‑Ghoushchi2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper a novel structure is introduced for programming current gain amplifier that works in near subthreshold regime. The flipped voltage follower is utilized to achieve different gain and the subthreshold MOS is using in order to decrease power consumption. Class AB structure is used to attain a wide dynamic range. These techniques are led to achieving low complexity and low area and ultra-low power compare to previous PGA. Moreover, by using the resistor the current is converted to voltage in output node, hence, the voltage gain is achieved simply by using this structure. The post-layout simulation result shows the proposed structure could provide current gain from 0 to 25 dB, while constant bandwidth of 10 MHz. However, the power consumption of the proposed PCGA is only 120 nW with ± 0.6 V supply. These results are verified by the post-simulations of the proposed PCGA that performed by 65 nm standard CMOS technology. Keywords Internet of Things (IOT) · Programmable gain amplifier (PGA) · Current mode · FVF structure · Low power · Subthreshold region
1 Introduction In the recent years, using of current blocks had expanded considerably. Current mode circuit is one of the most significant analogue block which have been inspected as possible alternative to voltage circuit. The favorite properties of these blocks, such as wide gain, high speed, accuracy, low supply voltage, smaller size, high dynamic range, is lead to utilize them in different applications [1–4]. Nowadays, Cyber Physical System (CPS) and cybernetic applications have developed enormously. Cybernetics is defined as “the science of communication and control in the * A. R. Ghorbani [email protected] M. B. Ghaznavi‑Ghoushchi [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
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Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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A. R. Ghorbani, M. B. Ghaznavi‑Ghoushchi
animal or HUMAN and Machine” [5]. On the other hand, cyber physical systems, with a wide range of definitions and applications, such as smart grid, process control systems, and distributed robotics, are rapidly growing and expanding. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key term reflecting a connected superset of anyone, anything, anytime, anyplace, any service, and any network to utilize designated tasks and applications. This will mean that objects can be equipped with identifying, sensing, networking and processing capabilities that will allow them to communicate with one another and with other devices and services over the Internet to accomplish some objectives [5]. It is predicted that about 25–30 billion IoT-ready devices will be entering the market by 2020 [6–10]. The IoT is a network of objects that interact with each
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