Analysis of loss levels in a single mode fiber optic cable for some fiber plants in Northern Nigeria
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis of loss levels in a single mode fiber optic cable for some fiber plants in Northern Nigeria Samson Dauda Yusuf1 • Adedoyin Olawale George2 • Ibrahim Umar1 Zubairu Abdulmumini Loko1 • Williams Lucas Lumbi1
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Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 Ó The Optical Society of India 2020
Abstract Increasing demand for transmission capacity due to digital revolution is causing an increasing demand for optical fiber systems. However, as bit-error-rate (BER) increases the fiber optic cable signal quality becomes degraded, causing signal delays, jitters, poor quality of service, packet loss, link outage, etc. In this study, the analysis of loss levels in a single mode fiber optic cable was carried out using the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), network monitoring system (NMS) and CACTI (V 1.1.38). Various OTDR traces were carried out to determine the loss levels in the fiber cores. Similarly, using the NMS, the actual link losses were calculated and compared with the loss budget to derive the link loss margin of the links; with a benchmark loss margin of 5 dB, high and low loss levels were determined. Lastly, bandwidth utilization was carried out using network graphical solution software (CACTI, V 1.1.38). The results show that, from the OTDR traces, 60% of the tested fiber cores had high losses at the spliced joints, whereas the analysis of the & Samson Dauda Yusuf [email protected] Adedoyin Olawale George [email protected] Ibrahim Umar [email protected] Zubairu Abdulmumini Loko [email protected] Williams Lucas Lumbi [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
2
Field Service Department, Globacom Nigeria, 13, Kolda Street, Wuse 2, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
NMS shows 41.7% high losses. The bandwidth utilization analysis shows a reduction in fiber link availability by 8.3%. This work has revealed the different loss levels in the tested fiber cores with high loses leading to increase in BER which negatively impacts the optimum usability of a link. Therefore, maintaining a low and within-budget loss level is very essential for efficient signal transmission and optimization of the fiber optic cable for both manufacturers and the end users. Keywords Optical loses Single mode Reflectometer Bandwidth analysis Fiber optics Bit error rate
Introduction The digital revolution has necessitated an increasing demand for high speed as well as large transmission capacity. According to Hecht [1], digital traffic for mobile devices is increasing at 53% per annum and global Internet growth has been estimated at 22% per annum. There is a great potential for an increase in this demand, even as the world is moving toward the transition from the third to fourth industrial revolution. The fourth industrial revolution will combine cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things and the Internet of systems. For instance, there will be more demand for fast Internet service for high-definiti
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