Analysis of the interannual variation characteristics of the northernmost drift position of the green tide in the Yellow
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis of the interannual variation characteristics of the northernmost drift position of the green tide in the Yellow Sea Dongxue Li 1,2 & Zhiqiang Gao 1 & Xiangyang Zheng 1 & Nanyu Wang 3 Received: 11 July 2019 / Accepted: 12 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The green tide in the Yellow Sea is the world’s largest macroalgal bloom. The maximum area affected by green tide can reach tens of thousands of square kilometers. Previous studies have shown that green tide drifts northward during the outbreak, yet the location of its northernmost drift and the characteristics of interannual variations have not been explored in detail. In this paper, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data, GaoFen-1 (GF-1) satellite data, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial data, and field trips for extraction and monitoring of green tide and then analyze the emergence, development, and dissipation of the green tide in Rongcheng coastal waters and the change of the northernmost drift position and its related factors from the year of 2013 to 2018. The results show that green tide have drifted to the Rongcheng coastal area over the years and the northernmost drift position can reach 37.662° N in 2014. Interannual difference of the northernmost position of the drift of the green tide is obvious, it is mainly affected by the wind, and there is no certain connection with the maximum coverage area, the coverage area when reaching the northernmost position, and the existence days of the green tide. These results can help to understand the drift range and dissipation process of green tide in the Yellow Sea. Keywords Green tide . Drift position . Rongcheng coastal waters . Dissipation trajectory . Remote sensing . Wind
Introduction Green tides (caused by floating Ulva prolifera) have been a marine ecological disaster every summer in China since the outbreak of a large-scale green tide in 2008 (Zhao et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2015; Yu and Liu 2016). It is a kind of annual green macroalgae and widely distributed in coastal areas all over the world (Zhao 2014). It is not harmful in itself and even has the edible value (Fleurence et al. 1994; Li et al. 2018), but after falling off from objects, it will reproduce rapidly and then drift northward with the wind and sea surface circulation (Lee et al. 2011; Qiao et al. 2011; Xu et al. 2014; Son et al. 2015;
Responsible Editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos * Zhiqiang Gao [email protected] 1
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Yantai Meteorological Bureau, Yantai 264003, China
Yuan et al. 2017; Hu et al. 2018; Jin et al. 2018). It will arrive in Shandong Peninsula coastal waters at the end of May and the beginning of June every year (Song et al. 2015). The largescale green tide blooms will alter the marine ecological environment and affect the survival and reproduction of other marine
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