Analysis of various ETL materials for an efficient perovskite solar cell by numerical simulation
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Analysis of various ETL materials for an efficient perovskite solar cell by numerical simulation Nitin Rai1 · Shambhavi Rai1 · Pravin Kumar Singh1 · Pooja Lohia2 · D. K. Dwivedi1 Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Perovskite solar cells appear to be the most promising candidate for thin-film solar cells. ETL layer which can be processed at lower temperature is highly desired. In this work, an n-i-p PSC was simulated using SCAPS 1-D simulator in which different ETL layers were used keeping other layers fixed. Among all the ETL layers used, we found a new ETL material W O3 which showed better power conversion efficiency and other PV parameters as compared to other ETL’s. The proposed ETL gave an efficiency of 15.54% under optimal conditions. This paper addresses the properties of W O3 thin films to be used as ETL layer in PSC and a comparative study has been done with other suitable ETL layers reported till date with the optimization of the absorber layer as well as HTL layer thickness.
1 Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PSC’s) have got incredible attention in recent years, because of its hybrid nature, low processing costs, higher power conversion efficiency. But as we know that for commercialization of any device, it must meet certain standards and must have some specifications well in our case the challenges are stability, hysteresis, and device structure. A perovskite is basically any compound of type RMX3 [1] (where R: alkyl group M: metal and X: halogen). Its suitability for solar cells is due to its large electron diffusion length, high optical absorption, low processing temperature [2]. Because of these properties, it is assumed that in the coming years its efficiency will exceed that of conventional Si-solar cells. The device structure of hybrid PSC’s is well known, the PSC in general consists of an electron transport layer perovskite layer hole transport layer on either fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate [3]. In our work, ITO was * D. K. Dwivedi [email protected] 1
Amorphous Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, India
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, India
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used for simulation. The degradation of PSC is due to the following factors: (i) the degradation of perovskite itself, (ii) due to interfacial degradation, (iii) the cause of concern is the electron transport layer (ETL) [4]. In our present work, we are using different ETL and analyzed their efficiencies and other PV parameters by simulation. Hole transport layer (HTL)-free devices have been reported in earlier research papers but ETL plays an important role in all PSC devices. Hence, an appropriate selection of good ETL material for getting an efficient PSC is the need of the hour. Talking more
