Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining The Curr
There are more than 70 countries in the world that suffer from the presence of landmines. Annually, between 15,000 and 20,000 people are killed or injured by these mines so there is a pressing need for advances in technology to help to remove them. Anti-p
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Katsuhisa Furuta • Jun Ishikawa Editors
Anti-personnel Landmine Detection for Humanitarian Demining The Current Situation and Future Direction for Japanese Research and Development
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Katsuhisa Furuta, Dr. Eng Tokyo Denki University 2-2 Kanda Nishiki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8457 Japan
Jun Ishikawa, Dr. Eng Department of Robotics and Mechatronics School of Science and Technology for Future Life Tokyo Denki University 2-2 Kanda Nishiki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8457 Japan
ISBN 978-1-84882-345-7
e-ISBN 978-1-84882-346-4
DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-346-4 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2008941100 © 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited MATLAB® and Simulink® are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098, USA. http://www.mathworks.com Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L., Girona, Spain Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface
Most of the articles in the book are reports from researchers engaged in the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) program on research and development of sensing technology and access, and manipulation technology to support detection and clearance of anti-personnel mines for humanitarian purposes. The program started in October 2002 and was terminated in March 2008. It is said that we still have more than one hundred million landmines buried on the earth and more than twenty thousand people are victims every year. On December 3, 1997, the then Foreign Minister Keizo Obuchi signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of AntiPersonnel Landmines and on their Destruction (known as the Anti-personnel Mines Ban Treaty in Ottawa) and also proposed the “Zero Victim Program” in his address. On December 2 of the same year, the then Chief Cabinet Secretary Kanezo Muraoka announced the agreement of the Cabinet that under certain conditions, anti-personnel clearance equipment for humanitarian anti-personnel landmine clearance activities is not a
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