Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Traditional Chinese Herb Pairs, Angelica sinensis and Sophora flavescens
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Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Traditional Chinese Herb Pairs, Angelica sinensis and Sophora flavescens Chunchao Han1 and Jianyou Guo2,3
Abstract—The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica sinensis extract (AE), Sophora flavescens extract (SE), and herb pair A. sinensis and S. flavescens extract (HPE). Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in rats by a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide. The anti-inflammatory potential of AE, SE, and HPE in the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. HPE showed strong antibacterial activity at all tested concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml) to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella Castellani and Chalmers. HPE significantly inhibited EIU-induced upregulation of NF-κB activation and the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, ICAM-1, and COX-2. Moreover, HPE suppressed MDA and infiltration of PMN. The study supports the hypothesis that the antipimple and anti-eczema activities of Dangguikushen compound recipe are attributed to herb pairs, A. sinensis and S. flavescens, used in combination. KEY WORDS: traditional Chinese herb pairs; inflammation; Angelica sinensis; S. flavescens; LPS.
disorders [3–7]. It has been reported that extracts isolated from A. sinensis exert antiproliferative effects on tumor cells, reduce oxidative stress, and protect cardiomyocytes against oxidant injury by increasing cellular GSH [8–10]. The roots of S. flavescens (Leguminosae) have been traditionally used in East Asian countries as herb medicine and functional food ingredient for thousands of years because of their potential health beneficial properties such as improving mental health and anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antihelmintic, free radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activities [11–15]. S. flavescens contains alkaloids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids that have shown various biological activities [16]. A. sinensis and S. flavescens constitute one traditional Chinese herb pair, which is the basic unit in traditional Chinese prescriptions and consists of two relatively standard single herbs. Many Chinese therapeutic herbs that are traditionally used in combination demonstrate significantly better pharmacological effects when used in combination than when used alone. However, the application of herbal prescriptions today is mainly based on a doctor’s experience and not on pharmacological
INTRODUCTION The popularity of herbal drugs is increasing all over the world because of lesser side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. Herbal or medicinal plant products in various forms have been available for many hundreds of years for treatment of diseases in both Eastern and Western cultures [1, 2]. Dangguikushen compound recipe, composed of two ingr
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