Antiproliferative effect of organoclay, poly(NCA) and their nanocomposites on HeLa cell line
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Antiproliferative effect of organoclay, poly(NCA) and their nanocomposites on HeLa cell line Nevin Çankaya1 · Bahar Vurgun1 · Serap Yalçın2 Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised: 20 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of poly(Ncyclohexylacrylamide) polymer/organoclay-based nanocomposites were investigated by in situ polymerization. FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA techniques have been used in the characterization of nanomaterials and whether they are exfoliated or intercalated has been investigated. It was determined from XRD and SEM measurements that the morphology of nanocomposites was exfoliated when the clay content in the polymer matrix was kept at 3% and 5%. From thermal analysis, a positive correlation was observed between the clay ratio and thermal stability of nanomaterials. Furthermore, in vitro anticancer efficacy against HeLa cell has been studied and reported by 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay. According to the findings, nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized and characterized and their cytotoxic properties have been proven by in vitro study. However, the potential of these nanocomposites as a drug delivery system is needed to be validated and proved in vivo studies in further research. Keywords N-Cyclohexylacrylamide (NCA) · Polymer/organoclay nanocomposite · Organoclay · Thermal stability · In situ polymerization · HeLa cell line · Antiproliferative activity
Introduction Organoclay consists of the replacement of cations in clay minerals with organic substances such as alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, quaternary ammonium cations [1, 2]. When ion exchange takes place in the clay, organoclay is formed,
* Nevin Çankaya [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
2
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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Polymer Bulletin
so the surface energy of the clay decreases, the physicochemical properties of the surfaces change, the interaction characteristics with the monomer/polymer structure improve and as a result, the distance between the layers can be opened up to approximately 1 nm. This expansion facilitates the diffusion of polymer chains between the organoclay layers in subsequent steps. In addition to the diffusion of large molecular weight compounds between layers, this feature also allows cations between layers to be replaced with large molecular weight compounds. Thus, the clay surface can be modified by adding hydrophobic properties. There are two consequences in the reaction of converting clay into organoclay. I: Organic cations settle in the range of clay layers, reducing the surface energy of the clay and widen the layer intervals of the clay. II: By changing the surface properties of the clay, the hydrophilic structure turns into a hydroph
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