Apelin Receptor Signaling During Mesoderm Development
The Apelin receptor (Aplnr) is a G-protein coupled receptor which has a wide body distribution and various physiological roles including homeostasis, angiogenesis, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine function. Apelin and Elabela are two peptide components o
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Apelin Receptor Signaling During Mesoderm Development Derya Sağraç, Hatice Burcu Şişli, and Ayşegül Doğan
Abstract
The Apelin receptor (Aplnr) is a G-protein coupled receptor which has a wide body distribution and various physiological roles including homeostasis, angiogenesis, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine function. Apelin and Elabela are two peptide components of the Aplnr signaling and are cleaved to give different isoforms which are active in different tissues and organisms. Aplnr signaling is related to several pathologies including obesity, heart disases and cancer in the adult body. However, the developmental role in mammalian embryogenesis is crucial for migration of early cardiac progenitors and cardiac function. Aplnr and peptide components have a role in proliferation, differentiation and movement of endodermal precursors. Although expression of Aplnr signaling is observed in endodermal lineages, the main function is the control of mesoderm cell movement and cardiac development. Mutant of the Aplnr signaling components results in the malformations, defects and lethality mainly due to the deformed heart function. This developmental role share similarity with the cardiovascular functions in the adult body. D. Sağraç, H. B. Şişli, and A. Doğan (*) Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Determination of Aplnr signaling and underlying mechanisms during mammalian development might enable understanding of regulatory molecular mechanisms which not only control embryonic development process but also control tissue function and disease pathology in the adult body. Keywords
Apelin · Apelin receptor · Development · Elabela · Mesoderm
Abbreviations ACTH Aplnr AVP bFGF BMP-4 CD CNS DNA Ela EMT eNOS FGF FOXF-1 GATA-4
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Apelin Receptor Arginine Vasopressin Hormone Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Bone Morphogenic Protein-4 Cluster of Differentiation Central Nervous System Deoxyribonucleic Acid Elabela Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Fibroblast Growth Factor Forkhead Box F-1 GATA Binding Protein-4
D. Sağraç et al.
HAND-1 hESCs HIV HUVEC IFN IL IRX-3 KO MEOX-1 mESCs mRNA MYH-6 Nkx-2.5 OXY PAX-3 PHA PVN siRNA SON TBX-5 TCF-15 TDGF-1 TGF-β VSMCs
Heart- and Neural Crest DerivativesExpressed Protein-1 Human Embryonic Stem Cells Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Interferon Interleukin Iroquois-class Homeodomain Protein-3 Knock Out Mesenchyme Homeobox-1 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Myosin Heavy Chain-6 NK-2 Homeobox-5 Oxytocin Paired Box-3 Phytohemagglutinin Paraventricular Nucleus Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Supraoptic Nucleus T-box transcription factor-5 Transcription Factor-15 Teratocarcinoma-Derived Growth Factor-1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
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Apelin Receptor Signaling Pathway
1.1
Components of Apelin Receptor Signaling
In 1993, Apelin receptor
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