Application of Imidazole Derivative for Fluorescent Detection and Determination of Cu(II) in Aqueous and Biological Medi
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Application of Imidazole Derivative for Fluorescent Detection and Determination of Cu(II) in Aqueous and Biological Media Shanmugam Suresha, Nanjan Bhuvanesha, Jeyaraj Prabhua, *, and Raju Nandhakumara, ** a
Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641114 India *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received January 10, 2018; revised January 6, 2019; accepted June 14, 2020
Abstract—A simple fluorescent chemosensor 2-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (P1) based on an imidazole furan conjugate has been designed, synthesized and characterized. Fluorimetric studies on chemosensor P1 showed excellent selectivity toward Cu2+ ions over other metal ions in aqueous media through a “turn on−off” process. A possible reverse photoinduced electron transfer mechanism is proposed. The viability of P1 to Cu2+ has been demonstrated by live cell imaging. Keywords: fluorescence, imidazole, chemosensor, RPET, copper, bio-imaging DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820120126
Copper detection has received much attention in scientific research due to its widespread usage. It causes a serious threat to the environment leading to increased level of copper in environmental water bodies. Its recognition is necessary for medical diagnostics, environmental protection and biotechnology [1– 6]. Many reports have shown that copper is involved in the functioning of several enzymes and has a role in the growth and development of animals and humans [7–11]. High consumption of copper causes several problems like Menkes syndrome, Alzheimer’s diseases, Wilson diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, kidney injury [12–16]. Commonly, the concentration of Cu2+ in human blood is in the range of ∼15.7−23.6 μM, and the World Health Organization has set the maximum allowable level of Cu2+ in drinking water at about 30 μM. The population mean intake of copper should not exceed ∼10−12 mg per day for adults [17]. Therefore, copper ions sensing is important and it is done using several instrumental techniques [18–24]. Among those, a fluorescence based chemosensing technique plays an important role in designing sensors for copper detection due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. In general, Cu2+ leads to fluorescence quenching due to its paramagnetic nature [25]. Several types of chemosensor design and mechanisms for recognizing target molecules including copper are available in the literature [26–28]. Fluorescent chemosensors have several advantages over other methods due to their sensitivity, specificity and real time monitoring with fast response. In recent years, Cu2+-selective chemosensors with anthracene [29],
coumarin [30], rhodamine hydrazine [13], naphthalimide [31], benzimidazole [32], terpyridine [33], spiropyran [34], cyclam [35], borondipyrromethene [36], binol [37] as fluorophores have been reported. On continuation of fluorescent chemosensors development at our laboratory, we have designed an imidazole based sensor (P1) for copper detection.
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