Applications of carbon nanotubes and graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition
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Introduction Graphene is a singleatomiclayer honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms in a sp2hexagonal bonding configuration. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are essentially cylinders rolled from graphene sheets with a variety of chiralities depending on the direction of rolling to the hexagonal lattice. These unique structures give CNTs and graphene many fascinating properties, including special electrical properties, excellent mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and flexibility. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most widely used method for the growth of CNTs and graphene. It provides the ability to obtain highquality and structurecontrolled produc tion of CNTs and graphene. Hundreds of tons of CNTs and thousands of square meters of graphene films are produced worldwide each year by CVD.1 The commercialscale produc tion and affordable prices make many commercial applica tions achievable, including additives in rechargeable batteries, automotive parts, and sporting goods. Most exciting is the fact that singlewall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene are being commercialized for electronic applications. In this article, we review the important milestones in the applications
of CNTs and graphene. The key characteristics and advantages of CNTs and graphene for specific applications are compared, and future trends are discussed.
Electronics and optoelectronics based on CVD-grown CNTs and graphene Nanoelectronics Graphene’s unique electronic properties give it great potential for ultrahighspeed electronics. High carrier mobility field effect transistors (FETs) have been widely investigated with graphene as channel materials. In principle, the high mobility allows faster switching circuits, and the ideal twodimensional (2D) structure enables ultimate scaling of the device channel. However, unlike transistors with conventional semiconductor channels, a graphene FET cannot be completely switched off, since graphene is intrinsically a semimetal with a zero bandgap. As a result, graphene FETs cannot be directly used for digital logic applications. Although a bandgap can be opened by forming narrow ribbons to introduce quantum confinement in graphene,2 the manufacture of narrow graphene nanorib bons remains a challenge, especially by CVD. Furthermore,
Peng-Xiang Hou, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; [email protected] Jinhong Du, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; [email protected] Chang Liu, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; [email protected] Wencai Ren, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; [email protected] Esko I. Kauppinen, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland; [email protected] Hui-Ming Cheng, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China; [email protected] and [email protected] doi:10.1557/mrs.2017.238
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