Approaches to design a surface with tunable wettability: a review on surface properties
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Approaches to design a surface with tunable wettability: a review on surface properties C. G. Jothi Prakash1 and R. Prasanth1,* 1
Madanjeet School of Green Energy Technologies, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry 605014, India
Received: 18 February 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 17 August 2020
Due to the wide application prospects in energy harvesting, conversion, and emission control technology, wettability has gathered momentum in recent years. Surface wettability alteration by nanomaterial fabrication and coating is of recent interest among researchers to attain desirable wetting surfaces. The wettability of liquid over a surface changes with surface properties such as roughness, surface energy, porosity, capillarity, and structure. Eventually, surface chemistry plays major role in changing surface energy which in turn leads to wettability alteration toward wetting and non-wetting extents. Herein, the dependence of surface properties in wettability alteration has been analyzed with the literature reports. Furthermore, surface pre- and post-treatments such as laser, ozone plasma, and UV irradiation contribute to change of surface energy inducing the liquid to encroach toward superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity. This review article analyzes the properties that induces wetting and non-wetting ability of liquids over surfaces. Theoretical models opted for wettability determination has been accounted to study the contribution of roughness, porosity, and surface energy. The article provides a clear idea of properties involved in wettability alteration with respect to wide range of applications in energy conversion, oil–water separation, self-cleaning, bio-adhesion, and bio-molecular immobilization.
Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Handling Editor: N. Ravishankar.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05116-1
J Mater Sci
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Introduction Wettability has attracted enormous research interest due to its influence in wide range of applications such as enhancing heat flux for thermal energy conversion, energy saving through self-cleaning, antifogging, atmospheric water collection, and oil–water separation [1–9]. Depending on the real-time applicability, research is extended toward fabrication of super-wetting and antiwetting surfaces [10]. The ability of a liquid to wet a surface is defined by wettability and is determined with the help of contact angle measurement. The three-phase contact point of solid–liquid-air interface is defined as contact angle. The value of contact angle can vary from one surface material to the other that is affected by various surface properties. The modification of roughness and surface free energy was the primary focus for most of the researchers. However, few other researchers focused in chemical modification by immersing surfaces in low-/high-surface-energy materials [11–14].
Due to the chemical modification, the free energy of surface may either increase or de
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