ARF4 regulates shoot regeneration through coordination with ARF5 and IAA12
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
ARF4 regulates shoot regeneration through coordination with ARF5 and IAA12 Miao Miao Zhang1 · Huan Kai Zhang1 · Jun Feng Zhai1 · Xian Sheng Zhang1 · Ya Lin Sang1 · Zhi Juan Cheng1 Received: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message ARF4-regulated shoot regeneration through competing with ARF5 for the interaction with IAA12. Abstract Plant possess the ability to regenerate shoot meristem and subsequent the whole individual. This process is the foundation for in vitro propagation and genetic engineering and provides a system for studying fundamental biological questions, such as hormonal signaling. Auxin response factor (ARF) family transcription factors are critical components of auxin signaling pathway that regulate the transcription of target genes. To date, the mechanisms underlying the functions of class-B ARFs which act as transcription repressors remains unclear. In this study, we found that ARF4, the transcriptional repressor, was involved in regulating shoot regeneration. ARF4 interacted with auxin/Indole-3-Acetic-Acid12 (IAA12). The expression signals of ARF4 displayed a dynamic pattern similar with those of ARF5 and IAA12 during shoot meristem formation. Enhanced expression of IAA12 compromised the shoot regeneration capacity. Induced expression of ARF4 complemented the regeneration phenotype of IAA12-overexpression but did not rescued the defects in the arf5 mutant, mp-S319. Further analysis revealed that ARF4 competed with ARF5 for the interaction with IAA12. The results indicate that ARF4-regulated shoot regeneration through cooperating with ARF5 and IAA12. Our findings provided new information for deciphering the function of class-B ARFs. Keywords Shoot regeneration · Meristem · Auxin · Auxin response factor (ARF)
Introduction
Communicated by Chun-Hai Dong. Miao Miao Zhang and Huan Kai Zhang are co-first authors. Ya Lin Sang and Zhi Juan Cheng contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02633-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ya Lin Sang [email protected] * Zhi Juan Cheng [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
Shoot apical meristem (SAM) of vascular plants resides in the tip of the shoot and contains a mass of undifferentiated cells (Aichinger et al. 2012). During postembryonic development, SAM forms the aerial part through continuously generating new tissues and organs (Wang and Jiao 2018). As an adaptation to their sessile lifestyle, plants possess the remarkable ability to regenerate shoot meristems from somatic tissues to minimize losses from environmental damages (Sang et al. 2018a; Xu 2018). More th
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