Assessment of air pollutants emissions due to traffic in two residential areas in Kuwait
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of air pollutants emissions due to traffic in two residential areas in Kuwait M. F. Hamoda1 · R. Al‑Jaralla1 · S. Al‑Mahamel1 Received: 18 July 2020 / Revised: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This study aimed to analyze air quality in two areas in the state of Kuwait with different traffic intensities. These are the Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh district, next to two very busy main roads and the Dasman district, next to a less busy road. The study covered the years from 2012 to 2017 and included meteorological data and concentrations of N O2, SO2, CO, O 3 and P M10. Air quality data were obtained from Kuwait’s Environment Public Authority (KEPA) based on hourly measurements recorded by stationary monitoring stations. The data were statistically analyzed using the “OpenAir” software package. Results showed that northwest wind direction was predominant. In Dasman area, the CO levels did not exceed the limits defined by KEPA, while in Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh, all the air pollutants exceeded the standards few times. Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh had 2797 exceedances levels of N O2, while Dasman had 1560 exceedances. For CO, 31 exceedances were recorded in Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh. For SO2, there were 11 exceedances in Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh, and 6 in Dasman. For P M10 the exceedances were 2424 in Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh. Correlation analysis of the air pollutants revealed that there were insignificant correlations between concentrations of the five air quality parameters except for O 3 concentration that showed a strong negative correlation with N O2 2 concentration (R = −0.879). This may be due to chemical coupling of O3 and NOx, that makes the levels of O3 and N O2 inextricably linked. Busy roads around Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh seem to be a greater source of pollutants than the less busy road near Dasman area. The 3 times more traffic intensity at Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh is adversely affecting the districts air quality. Keywords Air pollutants · Correlation analysis · Modeling · Residential areas · Traffic intensity
Introduction Air quality continues to be a very important global issue for public health, the economy and the environment. Air pollution has adverse environmental impacts since various health diseases are caused by air emissions. Syed et al. (2013) outlined the health effects associated with ambient air pollution and examined the involvement of epigenetic modifications by interpreting the possible effects of ambient air pollution on DNA. Additionally, air pollution causes biotic and abiotic constituents in Earth’s atmosphere, which damages the ecosystem (Patel et al. 2014). Analysis of air pollution emissions in cities worldwide has received much Editorial responsibility: Mohamed F. Yassin. * M. F. Hamoda [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University, PO Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
attention in recent years. Several factors have been identified to significantly affect the level and type of air pollutants. Emission levels
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