Assessment of bacterial community composition within and among Acropora loripes colonies in the wild and in captivity
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Assessment of bacterial community composition within and among Acropora loripes colonies in the wild and in captivity Katarina Damjanovic1,2 • Linda L. Blackall1 • Lesa M. Peplow2 Madeleine J. H. van Oppen1,2
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Received: 31 January 2020 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A growing number of studies have provided insights into the diversity of coral-associated bacteria and their function in the coral holobiont. Yet, information about spatial heterogeneity of bacteria within coral colonies is limited. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we analyzed the bacterial community composition across four distinct locations in each of five wild Acropora loripes colonies. Considerable variation within and among colonies was present, which has implications for sampling strategies and data interpretation in coral microbiome research. Bacterial assemblages significantly differed in alpha and beta diversity among colonies, with all corals possessing a high relative abundance of Endozoicomonas. When the same A. loripes colonies were subsequently reared in aquaria over 4 weeks, the relative abundance of Marinobacter initially increased in all colonies. However, no significant alteration in bacterial community composition was observed over time and the colonies maintained distinct bacterial microbiomes.
Topic Editor Carly Kenkel
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01958-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Katarina Damjanovic [email protected] 1
School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
2
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville MC, PMB No 3, Queensland 4810, Australia
Keywords Acropora loripes Bacterial communities Spatial heterogeneity Temporal dynamics Colony variability
Introduction Corals form associations with a vast diversity of bacteria which exert numerous beneficial functions for the host, ranging from nutrient cycling to protection against pathogens (Bourne et al. 2016). It is estimated that each individual coral associates with 102–104 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), usually dominated by Gammaproteobacteria (Blackall et al. 2015). Some studies have observed that bacterial communities living on corals are shaped by the environment and geographical location, while others have reported species-specific associations (Hester et al. 2016). For example, a study conducted on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) showed that the bacterial microbiomes of Acropora tenuis, Acropora valida and Acropora millepora sampled on Magnetic Island and Orpheus Island clustered according to reef rather than host species (Littman et al. 2009). Similarly, when analyzing the microbiomes of five coral species (including Pocillopora verrucosa and Stylophora pistillata) across three locations in the Red Sea, sites and environmental parameters (such as depth and salinity) appeared to be the
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