Assessment of Radionuclide Contents in Medicinal Plant Raw Material of the Central Black-Earth Belt and their Influence
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, Vol. 54, No. 6, September, 2020 (Russian Original Vol. 54, No. 6, June, 2020)
ASSESSMENT OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTENTS IN MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIAL OF THE CENTRAL BLACK-EARTH BELT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ACCUMULATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS N. A. D’yakova,1,* A. I. Slivkin,1 and S. P. Gaponov1 Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 49 – 53, June, 2020.
Original article submitted November 7, 2018. Pollution of top soil layers and medicinal plant raw material in Voronezh Region by artificial and natural radionuclides was analyzed using common dandelion roots as an example. Common dandelion roots accumulated effectively strontium-90 and radium-226. The correlation coefficients between the radionuclide contents and water-extractable compounds, in particular, polysaccharides, showed that the accumulated radionuclides probably did not have a noticeable impact on the content of biologically active compounds in the roots because of their insignificant amounts. Keywords: radionuclides, polysaccharides, correlation coefficient, Voronezh Region, common dandelion.
The central black-earth belt is traditionally the most important district for cultivation and collection of medicinal plant raw material. Development of mining sites, application of agricultural chemicals, and consequences of the Chernobyl accident have exacerbated the issue of supplying the pharmaceutical and food industries with safe and effective plant raw materials. Low-quality plant raw material and products obtained from it are major intake sources of various ecotoxins, in particular, radionuclides, into the human body [1, 2]. The problem is complicated by the fact that radionuclides actively accumulate in living organisms and can migrate through trophic chains. Furthermore, these pollutants have significant effects on the metabolism of the plant itself and reduce the production of biologically active compounds [3, 4]. The goal of the present work was to study the accumulation of natural and artificial radionuclides and biologically active compounds in roots of common dandelion collected in Voronezhskaya Region in areas experiencing various anthropogenic effects and to find relationships among the accumulation of these compound groups. 1 *
EXPERIMENTAL PART Samples of raw material and top soil layers (0 – 10 cm) were collected over the whole territory of the region (Tables 1 and 2, Fig. 1). The plant specimens were roots of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg). Common dandelion is a perennial synanthropic herbaceous plant that grows over all Voronezhskaya Region. Common dandelion roots are used as medicinal plant raw material for infusions and are also included in savory, digestive, and expectorant blends. Thus, aqueous infusions of common dandelion roots are used in medical and pharmaceutical practice. The pharmacological effect is due to water-soluble compounds, mainly polysaccharides (up to 30 – 35%). This stimulated interest in finding the effect of pollutants on the
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