Assessment of Structure, Function, and Rhythm of the Heart with Echocardiography and Electrocardiography in Adolescent S

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Assessment of Structure, Function, and Rhythm of the Heart with Echocardiography and Electrocardiography in Adolescent Swimmers Abdullah Akkuş1 · Muaz Belviranli2   · Fatih Şap3 · Nilsel Okudan2 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac parameters by using electrocardiography and echocardiography in adolescent swimmers. Twenty-two adolescent swimmers and 22 gender- and age-matched sedentary controls admitted to our center between November 2018 and May 2019 were included in this study. In addition to demographical characteristics, participants were assessed via a 12-lead electrocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography for cardiac function. On the echocardiography, end-systolic and end-diastolic interventricular septum, end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses, left atrial width, Tricuspid E, left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index were higher in the swimmers when compared to the sedentary controls (P  0.05  > 0.05 0.005  > 0.05  > 0.05

Data are expressed as mean ± SD F/M the ratio of female to male, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolik blood pressure

Table 2  Echocardiographic results of the groups Sedentary (n = 22) Swimmer (n = 22) P IVSd (mm) IVSs (mm) LVEDD (mm) LVESD (mm) LVPWd (mm) LVPWs (mm) EF (%) FS (%) Ao (mm) LA (mm) LA/Ao Mitral E (m/s) Mitral A (m/s) Mitral E/A Tricuspid E (m/s) Tricuspid A (m/s) Tricuspid E/A LV mass (g) LVMI (g/m2)

7.23 ± 0.68 10.77 ± 1.21 40.62 ± 3.22 23.03 ± 1.81 6.68 ± 0.61 9.89 ± 0.82 74.48 ± 3.55 43.08 ± 3.34 19.09 ± 1.00 22.92 ± 1.69 1.20 ± 0.08 0.78 ± 0.11 0.54 ± 0.08 1.46 ± 0.18 0.52 ± 0.08 0.41 ± 0.09 1.30 ± 0.24 80.17 ± 17.26 64.69 ± 9.94

8.81 ± 0.70 11.66 ± 1.03 41.25 ± 5.08 23.82 ± 1.77 8.18 ± 0.97 11.47 ± 1.02 72.11 ± 4.81 42.35 ± 4.61 19.58 ± 1.51 24.48 ± 1.79 1.25 ± 0.10 0.76 ± 0.12 0.56 ± 0.07 1.37 ± 0.21 0.60 ± 0.10 0.44 ± 0.11 1.43 ± 0.38 106.56 ± 21.39 89.60 ± 19.53