Assessment of Trace Elements in the Demersal Fishes of a Coastal River in Bangladesh: a Public Health Concern
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Assessment of Trace Elements in the Demersal Fishes of a Coastal River in Bangladesh: a Public Health Concern Mir Mohammad Ali 1,2 & M. Lokman Ali 2 & Ram Proshad 3 & Saiful Islam 4,5
&
Zillur Rahman 6 & Tapos Kormoker 7
Received: 21 February 2020 / Revised: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Trace elements contamination in the aquatic ecosystem is a current and major environmental concern due to their non-degradable nature and toxic effects on human health. Concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in fish were estimated to evaluate contamination levels and health risks for Bangladeshi adults. A total of six demersal fish species namely Mystus vittatus, Polynemus paradiseus, Sillaginopsis panijus, Lates calcarifer, Cynoglossus arel and Pseudapocryptes elongates were collected in summer and winter season from the coastal Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh. The analyzed trace elements varied between different species of fish. The concentration of studied trace elements exceed Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization maximum tolerable intake indicating risk to human body. The mean concentration of As, Cr, Cd and Pb were found 2.18, 9.1, 7.2 and 4.38 times higher than the recommended value. Health risks associated with these trace element intakes were evaluated in terms of dietary intake and target hazard quotients (THQs). The THQs value for individual fish species was more than one which was responsible for non-carcinogenic health hazard due to fish consumption. Target Carcinogenic Risk (TR) value for arsenic and lead was also higher than USEPA standard (10−4) indicated chronic cancer risk to human. From the health point of view, this study showed that the inhabitants who consume these fishes are exposed chronically to trace elements pollution with carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic consequences. Keywords Fish . Trace elements . Target hazard quotient . Hazard index . Cancer risk . Bangladesh
Introduction Trace elements contamination in the aquatic ecosystem is a current and major environmental concern associated with ecological and human health risks worldwide due to anthropogenic activities (Ashraf et al. 2017; Kumari et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2018). The potential contamination by trace elements in the aquatic environment pollute sediments, water and fish (Agusa et al. 2007; Hajeb et al. 2009) and they may transfer to human
body due to the consumption of fish (Habibullah-Al-Mamun et al. 2017; Islam et al. 2018). In the last decade trace elements has increased rapidly due to industrial and urban developments and anthropogenic activities. As manmade sources of trace elements, the pollutants are continuously thrown that can contaminate the aquatic ecosystems (fish, aquatic organisms, sediment and water) and the toxic elements cause serious health problems to human (Moiseenko and Kudryavtseva 2001; Mansour and Sidky 2002; Farkas et al. 2003; Singh et al. 2017; Avigliano
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