Association between GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in Caucasian and Asian populations: a meta-analysi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Association between GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in Caucasian and Asian populations: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies Dong Jiang1, Zengtao Hao2, Dongsheng Fan2, Wen Guo1, Pengcheng Xu1, Chao Yin2, Shuzheng Wen2* and Jihong Wang2*
Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a complex genetic background. Variants in growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) have been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in several ethnic populations. The present study aimed to assess the association between the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA through a meta-analysis of available case-control studies. Methods: The PubMed and Science Direct citation databases were used to search electronic literature in order to identify studies published between January 2007 and July 2016 that evaluated the association between the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism and the susceptibility of the knee to OA. Different genetic models were used to assess the pooled and stratified data. Results: A positive association was found in all pooled studies (OR = 0.808, 95 % CI = 0.754–0.866, p < 0.001). Regarding genotypes, significant associations were found using a dominant model (OR = 0.777, 95 % CI = 0.708–0.852, p < 0.001), a recessive model (OR = 0.723, 95%CI = 0.623–0.839, p < 0.001), and an additive model (CC vs TT OR = 0.648, 95 % CI = 0.552–0.760, p < 0.001; CC vs CT OR = 0.801, 95 % CI = 0.685–0.936, p = 0.005). Meta-analysis data were stratified by ethnicity, and the GDF5 C allele was found to be positively associated with OA of the knee in both Caucasians and Asians, as were the GDF5 TC and CC genotypes. In addition, using an additive model, the CC genotype was found to be significantly associated with OA of the knee in both Caucasians and Asians when comparing CC vs TT genotypes, but not in Caucasians when comparing TT vs CT genotypes. Conclusions: Meta-analysis results indicated that the GDF5 +104T/C polymorphism is a protective factor for OA among Caucasian and Asian populations. Keywords: Meta-analysis, Osteoarthritis, Polymorphism, GDF5
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and progressive condition causing pain and disability worldwide and is regarded as a disease of the entire joint [1, 2]. Obesity, age, and joint injury are the major risk factors for OA of the knee [3, 4]. In addition, heritability studies have shown that genetic components account for approximately half of the risk for * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Hand and Microsurgery II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
development of OA of the knee [5–7]. Understanding the genetic factors that influence progression of the disorder is important for the development of therapies to prevent or attenuate the pathogenesis of knee OA [8]. The genetic background of knee OA
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