Association between periodontal disease and non-apnea sleep disorder: a systematic review
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REVIEW
Association between periodontal disease and non-apnea sleep disorder: a systematic review Patrick R. Schmidlin 1 & Abbasali Khademi 2 & Omid Fakheran 3 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Inflammation is an integral part of the pathogenesis of periodontitis and sleep disorders. The aim of the present study was to review systematically the current evidence relating to the association between periodontal diseases and non-apnea sleep disorder. Materials and methods Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus without any limitation. Following preliminary screening, the quality of the remaining selected papers was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Due to substantial heterogeneity among the selected articles, main outcomes were reported in a qualitative manner. Results Following screening and evaluation, a final set of 13 studies was selected for inclusion. These studies examined the association between periodontal disease and short sleep duration, long sleep duration, poor sleep quality, or non-specific sleep disorders. The majority (N = 12/13) reported an association or trend between one type of sleep abnormality and periodontal or gingival parameters. Conclusion Despite the respective limitations of the articles included in this systematic review, an association between periodontal diseases and sleep disturbances was apparent. Clinical relevance Adequate management of periodontal disease requires that a patient’s lifestyle factors be taken into consideration in treatment planning. One such factor is sleep initiation and maintenance. An obvious association between sleep disturbances and periodontitis exists. Sleep disorders may induce systemic inflammation, which, in turn, could influence the development of periodontitis. Keywords Systematic review . Periodontal disease . Sleep disorders
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03475-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Omid Fakheran [email protected] 1
Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse, 11 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
2
Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3
Dental research center, Department of Periodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
During the last decade, evidence relating to the association between health and sleep has grown. It has been documented that sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, such as extremes of sleep duration and insomnia, increase the risk of inflammatory diseases and contribute to all-cause mortality [1–4]. Scientists have suggested a U-shaped association between sleep duration and overall mortality [5, 6]. Many epidemiologi
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