Axial length-related inter-individual variability in the posterior pole morphology of healthy eyes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Axial length-related inter-individual variability in the posterior pole morphology of healthy eyes Rino Frisina
. Gaia Martini
Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Aim To evaluate morphological characteristics of optic nerve head (ONH) and fovea (F) related to axial length (AL) in healthy eyes. Methods This is an observational study. A consecutive series of healthy subjects was enrolled. Demographic and clinical parameters were age, gender, eye, intraocular pressure, spherical equivalent, AL. Tomographic parameters were ONH–F distance, ONH–F angle, horizontal and vertical ONH diameters, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and foveal profile patterns. Results One hundred six eyes (56 patients) were recruited. A correlation between AL and ONH–F distance was demonstrated (p = 0.0342). Horizontal diameter decreased with increasing AL (p = 0.0003), conferring to ONH a more oval shape. A significant decrease in RNFL thickness was correlated with AL, except for temporal quadrant. Two foveal profile patterns were described: concave and straight patterns. Eyes with concave pattern were longer than eyes with straight pattern.
R. Frisina (&) Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Street Giustiniani n. 2 35128, Padova, Italy e-mail: [email protected] G. Martini Department of Ophthalmology of Orlandi Hospital, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy
Conclusion Eye elongation affects the morphology of the ONH, the fovea and the distribution of retinal nerve fibers. Keywords Axial length Fovea Optical coherence tomography Optic nerve head Retinal nerve fiber layer Retinal pigment epithelium
Introduction Eye elongation is the direct consequence of the increase in axial length (AL) causing a wide variety of morphological changes, from myopic refraction changes to numerous vision-threatening diseases, like myopic retinopathy, lacquer cracks, glaucoma and posterior staphyloma [1, 2]. The point of transition from moderate to high myopia is defined on the basis of spherical equivalent (SE), exceeding - 6 diopters (D), or AL, exceeding 26 millimeters (mm) [1, 2]. Often, these two parameters are directly related to each other. Although there are several studies demonstrating a relationship between eye elongation and pathological myopia, relatively few studies have been focused on the morphological changes related to AL within the range of values not exceeding in high myopia [3–9]. During the physiological eye elongation, the ocular morphology undergoes progressive changes which are reflected in the posterior pole.
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Int Ophthalmol
Although these changes represent the physiological inter-individual variability of the ocular morphology, they can represent, on a smaller scale, how the posterior pole changes if the eye elongation progresses toward the pathological myopia. The authors of the current paper evaluate how the changes of AL may affect the ocular morphology in normal healthy eyes, specifi
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