Ba and Sr mineralization of fossil fish bones from metamorphosed Belqa group sediments, Central Jordan: an integrated me
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ba and Sr mineralization of fossil fish bones from metamorphosed Belqa group sediments, Central Jordan: an integrated methodology Hani N. Khoury 1 & Svetlana N. Kokh 2 & Ella V. Sokol 2 & Anna Yu. Likhacheva 2,3 & Yurii V. Seryotkin 2,4 & Elena V. Belogub 5
Received: 13 February 2016 / Accepted: 29 April 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract Potentially new Ba–Sr phase with (Ca, Ba, Sr)10− 2− − x□x[(SO4)3(PO4)3](F , O , Cl )2 (1 < x < 2) composition belonging to the apatite supergroup was discovered in a recrystallized low-grade combustion metamorphic rocks of the Belqa Group, Central Jordan. The phase occurs as a fibrous subparallel aggregate and was originated by pseudomorphical replacement of precursor fish bone tissues embedded in biomicritic bituminous calcareous sediments. The mineralized fish bone was primarily composed of biogenic carbonatefluorapatite. The Ba–Sr phase is monoclinic with space group P21/b, the unit cell parameters a = 18.881(19), b = 7.091(12), c = 8.951(12) Å, β = 119.68(8)o, V = 1041.1(14) Å3, and Z = 4. The empirical formula of the Ba–Sr phase is (Ca5.19Ba2.35Sr1.07Na0.06)Σ8.67[(S3.31P2.63Al0.03Si0.02V0.01)− 2− − Σ6.00O24](F 1.33O 0.58Cl 0.01)Σ2.00. The primary textural heterogeneity of the bone tissues has controlled sharp compositional zonation of the Ba–Sr phase expressed in patchy distribution of Sr, Ba, Ca, P, and S. The newly-formed Ba–Sr phase represents the extreme case of interaction between precursor
* Hani N. Khoury [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Department of Geology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
2
V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Koptyug Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
3
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
4
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk2 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
5
Institute of Mineralogy UrB RAS, Miass 456317, Russia
fossil biogenic carbonate-fluorapatite and associated Ba and Sr depot minerals (barite and celestine). The reaction took place during long-term and low-grade (T = 450–500 °C) combustion metamorphism of the calcareous sediments under dry conditions. The fossil bones were affected by drastic physical and chemical changes that were completed by the formation of a new mineral phase. Keywords Apatite supergroup . Trace elements . Sr–Ba substitution . Mineralized fish bone . Fossilization . Bituminous chalk . Central Jordan
Introduction The uptake of elements, including trace elements, by bone during fossilization is a well-recognized phenomenon (Henderson et al. 1983). Fossilization of bone and teeth occurs with profound changes in both chemistry and structure, and includes bulk recrystallization of original biogenic Ca phosphate crystallites (Kohn and Cerling 2002; Trueman and Turass 2002; Kohn 2008; Cid et al. 2014). Mechanisms and rates of trace element uptake are geologically important for
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