Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: a Systematic Review
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Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: a Systematic Review Trisha L. Amboree 1 & Charles Darkoh 1,2 Received: 28 May 2020 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 # W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute 2020
Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with poor health outcomes, including cervical cancer. Racial/ethnic minority populations experience poor health outcomes associated with HPV at higher rates. A vaccine is available to protect against HPV infections and prevent HPV-related sequelae; however, vaccination rates have remained low in the United States (U.S.) population. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase the HPV vaccination rate. Moreover, little is known about barriers to HPV vaccination in racial/ethnic minority groups. This paper highlights the most recent findings on barriers experienced by these groups. Methods The PubMed database was searched on July 30, 2020, for peer-reviewed articles and abstracts that had been published in English from July 2010 to July 2020 and covered racial/ethnic disparities in HPV vaccination. Results Similar findings were observed among the articles reviewed. The low HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates among racial/ethnic minority populations were found to be associated with lack of provider recommendations, inadequate knowledge and awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination, medical mistrust, and safety concerns. Conclusions Provider recommendations and accurate distribution of information must be increased and targeted to racial/ethnic minority populations in order to bolster the rate of vaccine uptake. To effectively target these communities, multi-level interventions need to be established. Further, research to understand the barriers that may affect unvaccinated adults in the catch-up age range, including males, may be beneficial, as majority of the previous studies focused on either parents of adolescents or women. Keywords HPV . Human papillomavirus . Health disparities . Racial/ethnic minority
Background Infecting nearly 80 million people in the United States (U.S.), the human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common sexually transmitted infection [1]. HPV infection can cause genital warts, anal cancer, and cervical cancer as well as many other sequelae [1]. In 2006, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Gardasil vaccination to protect against HPV infections [2]. The U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recommends that all
* Charles Darkoh [email protected] 1
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Room E715, Houston, TX 77030, USA
2
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
boys and girls aged 11 and 12 should be vaccinated, and persons who were
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