Beta- and Novel Delta-Coronaviruses Are Identified from Wild Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Beta- and Novel Delta-Coronaviruses Are Identified from Wild Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China Wentao Zhu1 • Jing Yang1,2,3 • Shan Lu1,2,3 • Ruiting Lan4 • Dong Jin1,2,3 • Xue-lian Luo1 • Ji Pu1 Shusheng Wu5 • Jianguo Xu1,2,3,6
•
Received: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 Ó Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS 2020
Abstract Outbreaks of severe virus infections with the potential to cause global pandemics are increasingly concerning. One type of those commonly emerging and re-emerging pathogens are coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). Wild animals are hosts of different coronaviruses with the potential risk of cross-species transmission. However, little is known about the reservoir and host of coronaviruses in wild animals in Qinghai Province, where has the greatest biodiversity among the world’s high-altitude regions. Here, from the next-generation sequencing data, we obtained a known beta-coronavirus (beta-CoV) genome and a novel delta-coronavirus (delta-CoV) genome from faecal samples of 29 marmots, 50 rats and 25 birds in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, China in July 2019. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the beta-CoV shared high nucleotide identity with Coronavirus HKU24. Although the novel delta-CoV (MtCoV) was closely related to Sparrow deltacoronavirus ISU42824, the protein spike of the novel delta-CoV showed highest amino acid identity to Sparrow coronavirus HKU17 (73.1%). Interestingly, our results identified a novel host (Montifringilla taczanowskii) for the novel delta-CoV and the potential cross-species transmission. The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of MtCoVs along with other closest members of the species of Coronavirus HKU15 was estimated to be 289 years ago. Thus, this study increases our understanding of the genetic diversity of beta-CoVs and deltaCoVs, and also provides a new perspective of the coronavirus hosts. Keywords Coronavirus Qinghai-Tibetan plateau Rat Montifringilla taczanowskii Marmot
& Jianguo Xu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
2
Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
3
Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
4
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
5
Yushu Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yushu 815000, China
6
Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Introduction Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive-sense and single-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans and animals, which can caus
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