Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation and Biocontrol
Bioaugmentation, biostimulation and biocontrol approaches using microbial inoculants, biofertilizers, biochemicals and organic amendments improve soil biology, fertility and crop productivity by providing plant growth-promoting nutrients and suppressing s
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Series Editor Ajit Varma, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5138
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Ajay Singh
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Nagina Parmar
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Ramesh C. Kuhad
Editors
Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation and Biocontrol
Editors Dr. Ajay Singh Lystek International Inc. 107-279 Weber Street North N2J 3H8, Waterloo, Ontario Canada [email protected]
Dr. Nagina Parmar Ryerson University Department of Chemistry & Biology Toronto, Ontario Canada [email protected]
Dr. Ramesh C. Kuhad University of Delhi South Campus Department of Microbiology Benito Juarez Road 110021 New Delhi India [email protected]
ISSN 1613-3382 ISBN 978-3-642-19768-0 e-ISBN 978-3-642-19769-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-19769-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930787 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Soils sustain an immense diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Microbial functions in ecosystems are as diverse as the microbes themselves. Microbes adapt to these microhabitats and live together in consortia, interacting with each other and with other parts of the soil biota. Microorganisms play an essential role in the functioning and sustaining of all natural ecosystems including biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and biodegradation. Plant–microbe interactions involving plant growth-promoting rhizosphere microorganisms (PGPRs) are of beneficial agricultural importance, e.g., improve plant productivity, suppress disease-causing microbes and nematodes, and accelerate nutrient availability and assimilation. PGPRs compensate for the stress and reduction in plant growth caused by weed infestation, drought, heavy metals, salt, and other unfavorable environmental conditions and are frequently used as biofertilizers. Biochemical and molecular tools are continuously being developed in an attempt to better appreciate microbial abundance and distribution in natural environments to evaluate community structures with ecosystem functions and to develop
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