Biochar derived from Caulerpa scalpelliformis for the removal of Reactive Yellow 81 in batch and packed bed column
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Biochar derived from Caulerpa scalpelliformis for the removal of Reactive Yellow 81 in batch and packed bed column M. Lenin Sundar 1 & A. Aravindan 2 & S. Sujatha 3 & S. Mahendran 4 & G. Kalyani 5 & D. Zunaithur Rahman 6 & A. Vijayakumar 5 & M. Senthil Kumar 7 Received: 9 October 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study investigated the potential of biochar synthesized from Caulerpa scalpelliofrmis, a marine seaweed in the decolorization of Reactive Yellow 81 (RY81). The decolorization study was conducted in batch experiments and also in a packed bed column for continuous study. Maximum uptake of 151.5 mg/g was reported in a batch study under optimum conditions. Biosorption isotherm studies were conducted to understand the biosorption mechanism. A correlation coefficient of 0.9998 was obtained for a four-parameter model Fritz-Schlunder – IV. The kinetic study concluded that pseudo-first-order kinetics predicted the experimental data with a correlation coefficient always greater than 0.984. Desorption studies were carried out to find the best elutant, solid to liquid ratio and regeneration cycles. The maximum uptake of 122.48 mg/g was reported in a column study at optimum conditions. Yoon Nelson model predicted the experimental uptake with a correlation coefficient always greater than 0.99 and the % error was always less than 0.11. Keywords Caulerpa scalplliformis biochar . Isotherm . Kinetics . Packed bed column . Reactive yellow 81
1 Introduction Worldwide the usage of water for domestic and industrial purposes was increasing in recent years. The increase in population had a great impact on the industrial growth and consumption of
* M. Lenin Sundar [email protected]; [email protected] A. Aravindan [email protected] S. Sujatha [email protected] S. Mahendran [email protected] G. Kalyani [email protected]
water. The population growth directly affected the ecosystem and increased water demand. Day by day the fresh water source was depleted due to the discharge of industrial wastewater into the water bodies. These had created a great impact on the environment and also affected the health of the human being [1]. Much
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 042, India
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 502, India
3
Department of Civil Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu 621 112, India
4
Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh 532 127, India
6
Department of Civil Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 055, India
7
Department of Civil Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technolo
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