Biochemical tests to determine the biodegradability potential of bacterial strains in PAH polluted sites
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(2020) 36:181
ORIGINAL PAPER
Biochemical tests to determine the biodegradability potential of bacterial strains in PAH polluted sites Amin Hossein Naeim1 · Jila Baharlouei1 · Mitra Ataabadi1 Received: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Although the use of degrading-bacteria is one of the most efficient methods for the bioremediation of polluted sites, detection, selection and proliferation of the most efficient and competing bacteria is still a challenge. The objective of this multi-stage research was to investigate the effects of the selected bacterial strains on the degradation of anthracene, florentine, naphthalene, and oil, determined by biochemical tests. In the first stage, using the following tests: (a) biosurfactant production (emulsification, oil spreading, number of drops, drop collapse, and surface tension), (b) biofilm production, (c) activity of laccase enzyme, and (d) exopolysaccaride production, the three bacterial strains with the highest degrading potential including Bacillus pumilus, B. aerophilus, and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus were chosen. In the second stage using the following tests: (a) bacterial growth, (b) laccase enzyme activity, and (c) biosurfactant production (emulsification, oil spreading, and collapse of droplet) the degrading ability of the three selected bacterial strains plus Escherichia coli were compared. Different bacterial strains were able to degrade anthracene, florentine, naphthalene, and oil by the highest rate, three days after inoculation (DAI). However, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus showed the highest rate of florentine degradation. Although with increasing pollutant concentration the degrading potential of the bacterial strains significantly decreased, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus was determined as the most efficient bacterial strain. Graphic abstract
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World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
(2020) 36:181
Keywords Biosurfactant · Biofilm production · Drop collapse · Emulsification · Laccase activity · Oil spreading
Introduction Anthropogenic activities such as the industrial ones has increased environmental contamination by different pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (Mirzakhani and Mortazaei Nejad 2016; Yarahmadi et al. 2017; Nafchi and Chamani 2019). Hydrocarbon production, especially oil related products including anthracene, florentine, naphthalene, oil, etc. in oil producing areas, is one of the major sources of pollution. For example, anthracene and naphthalene co-exist in environment affecting their biodegradability (Jiang et al. 2018). Different strategies have been so far used to decrease environmental pollution including chemical, physical and biological methods (Zhang and Chen 2017; Abbasi Hassan Abadi et al. 2020). Although the use of chemical and physical methods has been shown to be promising, biological methods are among the most recommendable ones, for envir
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