Functional Characterization of Probiotic Potential of Novel Pigmented Bacterial Strains for Aquaculture Applications
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Functional Characterization of Probiotic Potential of Novel Pigmented Bacterial Strains for Aquaculture Applications Sekar Jinendiran 1 & Seenivasan Boopathi 1 & Natesan Sivakumar 1 & Gopal Selvakumar 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017
Abstract The bioprospecting proficient of novel pigmented probiotic strains with respect to aquaculture industry was unexplored hitherto. In this study, we investigated the probiotic potential of novel pigmented bacterial strains isolated from the indigenous soil sediments in their vicinal habitats, which were screened for their antimicrobial activity against aquatic pathogens using agar well diffusion assay. The strains namely Exiguobacterium acetylicum (S01), Aeromonas veronii (V03), and Chryseobacterium joostei (V04) were phenotypically identified and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Further characterization revealed that strains S01 and V03 survive relatively in lower pH and higher bile salt concentrations and possess good adherence ability and broad-spectrum antibiotic susceptibility. The isolate S01 exhibited the higher adhesion ability to hydrocarbons (82%) and mannose-specific adhesion (msa) gene expression. Additionally, the probiotic effects were evaluated in Artemia nauplii fed with algae supplemented with S01, V03, and V04 strains (2.7 × 107 cfu/mL) for 3 days under axenic environment. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the survival rate of Artemia nauplii treated with S01 (83 ± 5%) and V03 (55 ± 5%), whereas the survival rate was only 30 ± 0% in the untreated group. Moreover, the individual length (IL) was increased in treated group S01 (156.7 ± 2.2 μm), V03 (146.1 ± 3.4 μm), and V04 (134.4 ± 2.5 μm) compared with untreated group (116.0 ± 4.8 μm). Our results revealed that E. acetylicum S01 exhibits desirable functional probiotic attributes compared to A. veronii and C. joostei and it would be a promising probiotic strain, which can be efficiently used in the aquaculture applications. Keywords Aquaculture . Pigmented bacteria . Probiotics . Artemia salina . Gut microbiota
Introduction According to the United Nations’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports, bacterial disease outbreaks are considered as a significant constraint to the sustainable development and production in the aquaculture industry. Several prominent bacterial pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio anguillarum have been associated with mortalities in fish and shellfish [1, 2]. The use of chemotherapeutic agents for the prevention and control of bacterial infections was substantially Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9353-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Natesan Sivakumar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
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